1. Avian and Exotic Radiology

2. Overview Thoracic auscultation limited as is palpation
General principles are the same
2 views
High detail film
Dental machine if patient small enough
Mammography film

3. Avian Restraint Physical or chemical
Inhalation anesthesia is appropriate to use
In calm birds, restraint using tape or commercially available devices can be used

4. Avian Restraint Heavy metal examination of small birds
Large birds can stand directly on the cassette, or let them perch and use a horizontal beam

5. Avian restraint
Tape
Transparent medical tape
Autoclave tape

6. Avian
Lower bone density
Can do “bird in a box technique”

7. Small mammals Typically sedated
Can be placed into radiolucent tubes or briefly positioned with tape onto cassette
Can also use a cardboard or plastic box

8. Turtle and tortoise Don’t need sedation Will just sit there
Place on top of a cup with feet hanging
Whole body
Extremities

9. Lizards Usually do a DV and lateral Typically can do without sedation
Lower temperature
Tape to cassette
Blindfold – minimize movement

10. Snakes 2 views DV or VD and lateral
Taken in sections from head to tail
Can be coiled in a box for VD or DV
May need sedation to get good positioning
Plastic tubes can be used
Restraint of a snake can be challenging
Tape and sandbags usually are ineffective
Most need to be sedated

11. Fish
Place in a plastic bag with water from aquarium