1. LANGUAGE AND COMMUNICATION Language, Thought, and Reality
Linguistics - The Science of Language
Language - “A system of communication using sounds or gestures that are put together in meaningful ways according to a set of rules “ (Haviland 2003:386).
Language - System of arbitrary vocal symbols by means of which human beings interact in terms of their culture.
The 3 S’s of language: Sound, Shape, Sense.
Signal - representation with obvious meaning
Sign - representation with suggested meaning
Symbol - representation with arbitrary meaning
Sound - phonology, phonetics, phonemics (phoneme)
Shape - morphology (morpheme), grammar, syntax

2. Language, Thought, and Reality
Sense - All languages are equal in that they serve the purposes of the people who use them. (Nuer have over 400 terms to describe cattle….We have many to refer to war.)
Ethnolinguistics
Linguistic relativity
Sapir-Whorf hypothesis

3. Extralinguistic systems
In many other cultures, time is
experienced polychronically
rather than sequentially.
Time in US is a sequence….a commodity
to be spent, used, wasted….
The study of meanings, usage
and communication of time.
Chronemics
Olfactics
Concerned with systems of smell
Communication through the skin….i.e.
Touching by Ashley Montague
Haptics
Kinesics
Bodily movement, facial expression, etc.
Ray Birdwhistell is pioneer….Choreometrics is a subset….
Oculesics
Communication involving the eyes
Includes paralanguage…
It’s not what you say, it’s
the way you say it.
Metalanguage/Vocalics
Proxemics
Communication by use of space….
Edward T. Hall’s work, for example

4. Proxemics Intimate - 0 - 1.5 ft. Personal - 1.5 ft. - 3 ft.
Social - represents social distance
Public - similar to collective behavior