1. LIBERTY, EQUALITY, FRATERNITY
THE FRENCH REVOLUTION
LIBERTY, EQUALITY, FRATERNITY

2. THE REVOLUTION WAS INSPIRED BY……… #1 THE ENLIGHTENMENT
#2 THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION

3. THE OLD REGIME Third Estate
This cartoon from the era of the French Revolution depicts the
Third Estate
as a person in chains, who supports the King, the clergy, and the nobility on his back.
The Third Estate

4. ESTATES GENERAL: IS THREE ESTATES or SOCIAL CLASSES
1ST ESTATE: ROMAN CATHOLIC CLERGY
(POPE AND PRIESTS) PAYS NO TAXES
1ST
2ND
3rd
2ND ESTATE: THE NOBILITY
PAYS NO TAXES
3RD ESTATE: BORGIOUSE
LAWYERS, MERCHANTS, CRAFTSMAN
&
FARMERS, PEASANTS,
PAYS ALL OF FRANCE’S TAXES

5. The First Estate = 1% THE SECOND ESTATE = 2% The French Nobility,
The First Estate: the Clergy OR (Catholic Priests). 
Both Wealthy Cardinals and beginner Priests
THE SECOND ESTATE = 2%
The French Nobility,
Inherited their titles
Their wealth came from their land.

6. The Third Estate 97%
**Everyone who was not a member of the first or second estates was a member of the third
It included:
Wealthy merchants Doctors and lawyers
Shopkeepers The urban poor
The peasants who worked the land.

7. CAUSES TO THE FRENCH REV.
UNFAIR
SOCIAL
DIVISIONS
UNEQUAL
TAX BURDENS
GOVERNMENT
DEBT
FINANCIAL
CRISIS

8. While a majority of French citizens were Starving
The French Royalty
The royal family lived in luxury
at the Palace of Versailles.
While a majority of French citizens were Starving
FRENCH PALACE

9. Louis XVI ( 16th ) NO ONE WOULD LOAN THE KING ANY MONEY HE WAS BROKE!
Was a- weak Leader
Ran up the- French Debt
By Having the French Army fight in two WARS
# 1. French & Indian WAR
# 2. American Revolution WAR
# 3. Had Expensive parties
NO ONE WOULD LOAN THE KING ANY MONEY
HE WAS BROKE!

10. # 1 ESTATES GENERAL
King Louis Called the Estates General to get MONEY from the NOBLES!
The Third Estate ( Middle Class & Commoners) Wanted more
REPRESENTATION in GOV. by Vote!!
King Louis Said No! So The Third Estate Created a NEW GOVERNMENT!

11. # 2 National Assembly
The 3rd estate removed themselves from the Estates General and created a new
REVOLUTIOANARY GOEVERNMENT
called THE NATIONAL ASSEMBLY !

12. TENNIS COURT OATH and wrote a NEW CONSTITUTION
The National Assembly Gathered on the King’s
TENNIS COURT
and wrote a NEW CONSTITUTION
FRANCE BECAME A CONSTITUTIONAL MONARCY

13. # 3 NATIONAL CONVENTION (French Constitution) is set aside
THE REVOLUTION BECOMES RADICAL
The Tennis Court Oath
(French Constitution) is set aside
A New Government Called the National Convention Takes Over.
The Conventions Job: Protect The Revolution
The Guillotine was used to kill opponents of
the Revolution!

14. The Rise of the Jacobins
The JACOBINS (RADICAL GROUP) thought the king should die
to protect revolution.
THE KING IS EXECUTED AND THEN……
THE REIGN OF TERROR BEGINS

15. The execution of Louis XVI

16. Maximilien Robespierre
Leader of the
Reign of Terror
& THE
# 4 COMMITTEE OF PUBLIC SAFETY
Last man killed by the Guillotine

17. # 5 THE DIRECTORY
By 1795, the republic was gone
5 men with business interests had taken control of executive power in France.

18. Napoleon Bonaparte
With the “Republic” gone people accepted the coup d'etat of Napoleon Bonaparte in 1799.
The revolution was over.
& France was controlled by a DICTATOR

19. The Three Estates
Before the revolution the French people were divided into three groups:
The first estate: The clergy
The second estate: The nobility
The third estate: The common people (bourgeoisie, urban workers, farmers and peasants).
Legally the first two estates enjoyed many privileges, particularly exemption from most taxation.

20. Republic of Virtue Robespierre was the mastermind of the
Reign of Terror.___________________
He was the leader of the Committee of Public Safety,
the most powerful committee of the National Convention,
and the most powerful man in France. 
He explained how terror would lead to the Republic of Virtue in a speech to the National Convention:  “If the spring of popular government in time of peace is virtue, the springs of popular government in revolution are at once virtue and terror: virtue, without which terror is fatal; terror, without which virtue is powerless. Terror is nothing other than justice, prompt, severe, inflexible...” Speech on Terror ….
"the end justifies the means" describes Robespierre's policy well.

21. What two major things inspired the French Revolution?
Enlightenment & American Revolution
2. What was the name given to the legislative assembly in France prior to the Revolution?
Estates General
3. How many levels of Social Class existed in France and what were their names and who was in them?
Three: 1st Estate ( Clergy) 2nd ( Nobility) 3rd (Everybody Else)
4. What was it that made Someone a part of the “Nobility Class”
Land Ownership
5. Who paid all of Frances Taxes prior to the French Revolution?
The THIRD Estate

22. The Last Victim of the Reign of Terror
Even the Radical Jacobins, the supporters of Robespierre, came to feel that the Terror must be
S T O P E D
D A N T O N Stood up in the Convention calling for an end to the Terror. He became the Terror’s next V I C T I M .
When Robespierre called for a new purge in 1794, he seemed to threaten the other members of the Committee of Public Safety.
The J A C O B I N S had had enough after a while
O T H E R R E P R E S E N T A T I V E S stood up in the Convention and said “It is time to tell the whole truth. One man alone is paralyzing the will of the Convention. And that man is Robespierre.”
Robespierre was arrested and sent to the G U I L L O T I N E the next day, the last victim of the Reign of Terror. 

23. The Directory
People had grown tired of the instability and bloodshed of the revolution and were ready for something more moderate.
By 1795, the republic was gone, and 5 men with business interests had the executive power in France.
This new government was called The Directory.
It was far more conservative than the Jacobin republic had been.
It also did not work out.
The Directory was Replaced by a Dictatorship run by Napoleon!

24. A Legislative Assembly is a group of appointed or elected Citizens who gather together to create laws based on what the citizens of a country want that also has to be in agreement with a agreed upon Moral and Ethical Code of Conduct.