1. Revolutions
Global Review Class

2. Oliver Cromwell and Charles I

3. English Puritan – 1640s Oliver Cromwell and Roundheads
Stuart Dynasty
Absolutism
Magna Carta – ideas of limited monarchy
Puritans in Parliament oppose King Charles I
King v. Parliament
Anglicans v. Catholics
End of Stuart rule
Charles I beheaded
Dictatorship under Cromwell
Eventually leads to Glorious Revolution in 1688
Evolution of democracy – 600 yrs

4. William and Mary

5. English Glorious Revolution 1688 - Parliament
King James II placed Catholics in high gov. posts
James’ second wife gave birth to a son – feared Catholic heir to throne
James II flees country
William and Mary become King and Queen
They sign the BILL OF RIGHTS
Est. the supremacy of Parliament over the King

6. Louis XVI and Marie

7. French Revolution 1789-1815 “Liberty, Equality and Fraternity” Robespierre, Jacobins and Napoleon
Bourbon Dynasty
Absolutism
Bankruptcy, unfair taxes
Grain harvest disaster
Enlightenment ideas of Locke, Rousseau, Montesquieu
Demand for equality by 3rd estate
End of absolutism
More equality and democratic government – thanks to dictator Napoleon
Rise of the middle class
End of special privileges of nobles
Reign of Terror
Execution of Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette

8. Industrial Revolution 1750s -1850s
Begins in England
After the Agricultural Revolution
Natural resources, capital, talent, markets and cheap labor
New technology of energy sources
Rise of factory system
Urbanization
Growth of capitalism
Higher standard of living
Unions
Longer life expectancy
IMPERIALISM
Marxism and communism emerge

9. Czar Nicholas II and Lenin

10. Russian Revolution 1917 Peace, Land and Bread Lenin, Trotsky and Bolsheviks
Romanov Dynasty
Absolutism
Hardships of WW I
Hunger/unrest
Need for land reform
Marxist ideas
Anger at Czar and Czarina & Rasputin’s influence
Provisional govt. set up and overthrown by Lenin
Execution of Czar and family
Russia withdraws from WW I and signs Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
1st Communist nation
USSR
Command economy – government owns means of production and distribution

11. Russian Revolution

12. Russian Revolution 1991 Yeltsin
Gorbachev’s reforms of glasnost and perestroika
Opposition of hard line communists
Ethnic nationalism
Lack of consumer goods
Lack of worker motivation
End of communist control over eastern Europe and USSR
End of Gorbachev’s rule
15 new republics formed
Collapse of Warsaw Pact
Creation of democratic Russia
Concern over who might get hands on old nuclear weapons and technology!

13. Cuban Revolution

14. Cuban Revolution 1959 Castro
Corruption of the Batista regime
Need for land reform
Anti-foreign feelings
Communist support
Nationalization of businesses and property
Communism in the western hemisphere
Land reform
Trade embargo with USA
Having economic difficulty after collapse of USSR – ally and financial supporter

15. Iranian Revolution

16. Iranian Revolution 1979 A. Khomeini
Islamic fundamentalism
Opposition to modernization and west
Anti – foreigner
Need for land reform
Shah lived lavish lifestyle while many citizens in poverty
End of Shah’s rule – flees to Mexico and US
Theocracy
Islamic fundamentalism
Americans taken hostage 444 days
Iran-Iraq War over oil
Pose potential threat – anti western and advocate that ideology

17. Chinese Revolution

18. Chinese Revolution 1949 Mao
Corruption of the Nationalist government of Chiang Kai Shek
Need for land reform
Civil war
Chaos of WW II
Mao’s appeal to lower classes, Great March, fought Japanese
End of Civil War
Redistribution of land
Great Leap forward
Collectivization of farms
Command economy
Red Guard
Support North Vietnam and North Korea