1. Ch. 10 Notes
The Bill of Rights

2. 1st Amendment 1. Religious Freedom
Congress cannot make any one national religion
Separation between “church and state”
We are able to practice our religion however we want (to a point)

3. 1st Amendment 2. Freedom of Speech and Press (Freedom of Expression)
We can say and write what we want as long as it is true (to a point)
Cannot spread false accusations or publish information that would be helpful to an enemy during wartime
This freedom isn’t protected if it endangers public safety

4. 1st Amendment 3. Right to Assemble
We have the right to “peaceably” assemble
People cannot close streets, buildings or protest violently

5. 1st Amendment 4. Right to Petition
We have the right to petition our government leaders to change laws or gov. actions
People can gather signatures on a petition to begin the process of passing a law

6. 2nd Amendment 1. Right to Bear Arms
Gives people the right to own weapons (to a point)

7. 3rd Amendment 1. Quartering Troops
Americans have the right to refuse to house soldiers in their home

8. 4th Amendment 1. Protection from Illegal Searches and Seizures
The police need a Warrant, probable cause, or
be in pursuit
3. This gives Americans the “right” to be left alone
4. Students don’t have all 4th amendment rights, they are replaced by the lesser strict idea
of “reasonable suspicion”

9. 5th Amendment The right to a Grand Jury
Grand Jury looks at evidence only to see if they should proceed to trial
2. Double Jeopardy- a person cannot be tried twice for the same crime

10. 5th Amendment
3. Self-incrimination- you have the right to not say anything that will prove you are guilty
We are innocent until proven guilty
You can “take the Fifth” when on the witness stand

11. 5th Amendment
Due Process- police and the government must follow clear rules and act reasonably when they are carrying out the law while investigating someone
5. Imminent Domain- the government cannot
take private property for public use without
paying a fair price for the land

12. 6th Amendment The right to a speedy trial The right to a public trial
3. An accused person has the right to a jury trial

13. 6th Amendment
A person must be told the charges against them as well as the time and place of the supposed crime
A defendant has the right to hear and question all witnesses who testify at trial
6. Right to a lawyer

14. 7th Amendment Disputes between businesses and people
Civil cases usually involve money, property, or family matter (like divorces)
3. No judge can overrule the jury’s decision on any given case

15. 8th Amendment Right to bail -- A judge cannot demand “excessive” bail
Protects against excessive fines
3. No cruel or unusual punishments

16. 9th Amendment 1. There are some rights not listed in the
Constitution that are retained (kept) by the people
Example- the right to privacy

17. 10th Amendment
Powers not given to the national government by the Constitution automatically go to the states
Example- the ability to make and tax
roads and highways