1. The meaning, association, or emotion that has come to be attached to a word is its
connotation

2. What the writer (or speaker) wants to prove is called the
claim

3. A(n) _________source is a firsthand account where writers present their own experiences, opinions, and ideas.
primary

4. Adding information, usually in the form of details, is __________.
elaboration

5. __________ are statements made by a recognized authority on the subject.
Expert opinions

6. A(n) __________ appeal speaks to readers’ common sense and logic.
logical

7. A(n) _________is a series of statements in a text designed to convince the reader of something.
argument

8. A(n) _______appeal is aimed at readers’ hearts (fear, love, sympathy, pride, etc.).
emotional

9. The literal, dictionary definition of a word is called its
denotation

10. _______is specific information or proof that supports the reasons/assertions in an argument.
Evidence

11. counter-claim or counter-argument
An opinion that challenges the reasoning behind a position and shows that there are grounds for taking the opposite view is the
counter-claim or counter-argument

12. _______are personal examples or observations (stories, for example) that illustrate a point.
Anecdotes

13. A(n) _________source is a secondhand account, often based on more than one viewpoint.
secondary

14. _________is the writer’s attitude toward her/his subject or audience.
Tone

15. The organizational pattern that writers use to make their meaning clear is called
text structure

16. _________ is proving something to be false or someone to be in error through logical argument or by providing evidence to the contrary.
Rebuttal

17. Orderly thought or procedure; rational conversations are also called
discourse

18. _________is being literate in a content area.
Content literacy

19. Using labels to attack a person who holds an opposing view instead of giving reasons or evidence to attack the opposing view itself is
name calling

20. __________ gives all members of a group the same (usually undesirable) characteristics.
Stereotyping

21. __________ are statements that can be proven true (statistics, numerical information, etc.).
Facts

22. Reasons supported by evidence is called__________.
Logic

23. __________ are examples from scientific research.
Case studies

24. The repetition or words, phrases, or sentences in order to heighten their emotional effect is __________.
Parallelism

25. Faulty reasoning or mistakes in logical thinking is called_________.
Fallacious reasoning

26. __________ is a logical fallacy where one event is said to be the cause of another event just because the two events happened in sequence.
False cause and effect

27. A(n) __________ assumes that there are only two possible choices or solutions, even though there may be many.
Either/or fallacy

28. __________ is a logical fallacy consisting of a broad, general statement or conclusion that is made without sufficient evidence.
Hasty generalization

29. __________, also called circular reasoning, assumes the truth of a statement before it has been proved.
Begging the question

30. A stated idea or opinion that a writer has about a subject/issue is the writer’s __________.
position

31. Evidence using comparisons that show similarities between otherwise unrelated facts or ideas are called__________.
Analogies

32. __________ is a broad statement that applies to or covers many individuals, experiences, situations, observations, or texts.
Generalization

33. Commonly accepted beliefs
Evidence using specific instances or illustrations of a general idea that most people share is called__________.
Commonly accepted beliefs

34. __________ is a willingness to believe or accept something as true; it is also the ability to inspire that belief or trust.
Credibility

35. Good Luck!