1. Characteristics of Living Things

2. Living Things Share the Following Characteristics
Made of Cells
Reproduce: sexually or asexually
Based on the Universal Genetic Code: DNA

3. Obtain & use materials and energy
Grow & Develop
Obtain & use materials and energy
Metabolism – the combination of chemical reactions through which an animals builds up or breaks down materials

4. Respond to the environment
Stimulus: external signal; light or temp
Maintain stable internal environment
Homeostasis – like a thermostat; shiver
As group, change over time
Evolution

5. Levels of Biology
Biosphere: part of the earth that contains al of the ecosystems
Ecosystem: community and its nonliving surroundings

6. Levels Cont.
Community: group of organisms of different types living in the same area
Population: group of organisms of one type living in the same area
Organisms – individual living thing

7. Levels of Biology Group of Cell: tissues, organs, and organ systems
Cells: smallest functional unit of life
Molecules: group of atoms; smallest unit of most chemical compounds

8. Microscopes

9. Types of Microscopes
Light Microscopes: produce magnified images by focusing visible light rays
Electron Microscopes: produces magnified images by focusing beams of electrons

10. The Microscope
Cell Culture - develops from a single original cell used to test cell responses under controlled conditions
Cell Fractionation - technique to separate different parts of a cell

11. Microscope Parts A. Eyepiece contains the ocular lens
B. Nosepiece Holds the high and low power objective lenses; can be rotated to change magnification
C. Objective Lenses Magnification ranges from 10X to 40X

12. Microscopes D. Stage Clips - hold the slide in place
E. Stage supports the slide being viewed
F. Light Source projects light upwards through the diaphragm, the specimen, and the lenses
G. Base supports the microscope

13. Microscopes H. Diaphragm regulates the amount of light on the specimen
I. Fine adjustment knob moves the stage slightly to sharpen the image
J. Course adjustment knob moves the stage up and down for focusing
K. arm used to support the microscope when carried

14. What happens as the power of magnification increases?
Power: Ocular x Objective = Total Magnification
10x4=40 10x10= x40=400

15. The Metric System

16. The Metric System
Metric System: decimal system of measurement whose unit are based on certain physical standards and a scale of 10.
International System of Units or SI: revised version of the metric system

17. Common Metric Units Length: meter (m) Mass: gram (g) Volume: liter (l)
Temperature: Celsius (ºC)

18. Common Prefixes kilo (k) 1 kilo =1000 units
centi (c) 1 unit =100 centi-units
Milli (m) 1 unit =1000 milli- units
micro (µ) 1 unit =106 micro-units
nano (n) 1 unit =109 nano-units

19. Example 1 gram = 100 centigrams 1 liter = 1000 milliliters
1000 meters = 1 kilometer

20. Conversion Convert 10 grams to milligrams.
What is the conversion factor?
1g = 1000 mg
Problem:
10 grams x (1000mg/1g) = 10,000mg

21. More Examples Convert 200 mL to L. Convert 50 µg to g.
Convert 10 km to cm.

22. More Examples Convert 200 mL to L. Convert 50 µg to g.
Convert 10 km to cm.