1. Social and Motor Development
Chapter 3
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by Holcomb Hathaway Publishers

2. Social and Motor Domains
How does social behavior affect human movement development?
How do movement behaviors affect an individual’s social development?
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by Holcomb Hathaway Publishers

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Socialization
An active process of forming relationships and learning from those with whom we interact.
The influence of others can help determine:
How and when we acquire movement abilities
Which movement activities we choose
Movement choices affect our ability to fit in socially and influence self-identity, attitudes, and more.
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by Holcomb Hathaway Publishers

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Social Role and Norms
Social role
The position an individual has in a network (e.g., occupation, family role)
Role expectations influence human motor development
Norms
Society’s shared, stable perceptions about appropriate behaviors in a specific context
Can facilitate or inhibit movement development (e.g., male adolescents are expected to be physically active and participate in sports)
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by Holcomb Hathaway Publishers

5. Self-Esteem and Physical Activity
How much we believe ourselves to be competent and successful
The value we place on ourselves as individuals
Self-esteem can be significantly affected by involvement in physical activity.
Perceptions of high/low athletic competence can contribute to high/low self-worth.
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6. Development of Self-Esteem
Early childhood—
Has difficulty expressing self-worth verbally
Mid- to late childhood—
Can distinguish among various forms of competence and express them verbally
Increased cognitive capabilities
(continued)
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by Holcomb Hathaway Publishers

7. Development of Self-Esteem, continued
Young adulthood—
Self-worth is a function of perceived competence in areas that are most important to oneself
Adulthood—
Add new elements of self-worth; change as an individual matures (e.g., intimate relationships, ability as a provider)
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8. Social Influences on Motor Development— Childhood
Family
Play
School
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Play
Importance: A crucial part of learning society’s rules
Types:
Object play
Interpersonal play
Exploratory play
Pretend play
Development: Solitary parallel associative cooperative
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by Holcomb Hathaway Publishers

10. Reflecting on the Importance of Play
Policy makers in your home town want to make changes to the local preschool—to increase the amount of time spent on direct instruction and decrease the amount of time devoted to play.
How do you convince them that playing is learning?
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by Holcomb Hathaway Publishers

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Social Influences on Motor Development— Older Childhood and Adolescence
Peer group
Decreased importance of the family
Team play
Gender role identification
Gender stereotypes
Role conflicts
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12. Social Influences on Motor Development— Early Adulthood
Life events/social factors that have greatest negative impact on motor behavior and physical activity:
Changed relationship status or marriage
Having children
Leaving school and going to work
Strength, cardiorespiratory endurance, and flexibility may all begin to decrease
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by Holcomb Hathaway Publishers

13. Social Influences on Motor Development— Middle and Late Adulthood
New life events/social factors may result in a regression in movement behavior—or possibly an improvement:
Children leaving home
Retirement
Death of a spouse
Influence of family and friends
Ageism
Exercise–aging cycle
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Goals Related to Adults and Physical Activity, from Healthy People 2020
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Exercise–Aging Cycle
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16. Reflecting on the Exercise–Aging Cycle
Your grandfather has recently passed away, and your grandmother hasn’t been herself. She’s depressed and spends her days just watching TV.
How can you help her break out of this cycle and feel like herself again?
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by Holcomb Hathaway Publishers

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Videos—Play Behavior
Watch these videos and compare the play behavior of the children shown here.
Children Involved in Parallel Play
Children Involved in Associative Play
What characteristics of associative play do you see?
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by Holcomb Hathaway Publishers