1. Nerve and Muscle Physiology
Plasma Membranes of Excitable tissues
Ref: Guyton, 12th ed: pp: th ed: p57-71,

3. Fig a,b

4. Nernest equation

5. Ek+ E (mV) = - 61.log (Ci/Co)
E = Equilibrium potential for a univalent ion
Ci = conc. inside the cell.
Co = conc. outside the cell.

6. Goldman Hodgkin Katz equation

7. Goldman-Hodgkin-Katz equation
EMF (mV) =
- 61. log [( CiNa+. PNa+ + CiK+. PK+ + CoCl- .PCl- )
(CoNa+ PNa+ + CoK+ PK+ + CiCl- PCl-)]
Ci = Conc. inside
Co = Conc. outside
P = permeability of the membrane to that ion.