1. Primary Beam Intensity
20% speed of light
deflecting magnets
focussing magnets
acceleration
speed of light
Max. 90%
experiment
UNILAC
eff. puls width
for injection: 47μs
36.2% efficiency
Ion
Number of injections
Intensity [spill-1] at FRS
Ion source
Date
58Ni 1
6*109
MEVVA
3.2006
107Ag
3*109
2.2006
124Xe
5*109
MUCIS
3.2008
136Xe 4
7.2006
208Pb 30
1.3*109
PIG
238U
2.0*109
9.2009
15.5% speed of light
intensity[s-1]=0.5*intensity[spill-1]
period of one revolution 4.7μs
10 turns will be accepted for injection
acceleration: s
extraction: s
magnet resetting: 0.5 s

2. UNILAC beam structure width of the beam pulse: 130μs
repetition rate: >200 ms
beam current of MEVVA source for 238U ions (73+):
900μA= =1.0•1010 particles/s
beam energy: 11.4 MeV/u (v/c=0.155)
MEVVA source for 238U ions (73+): 150μA=1.7•109 particles/s
Penning source for 238U ions (73+): 30μA=3.3•108 particles/s

3. SIS beam structure – single-shot injection
eff. pulse width for injection: 47μs
(36.2% efficiency)
UNILAC v/c=0.155
SIS circumference: m
period of one revolution: 4.7μs
10 turns will be accepted for injection
0.5s
time for acceleration: s
beam extraction : s
time for magnet resetting: 0.5s
Standard Operation: dB/dt=1.3T/s → 1.38s
SIS18 Modus: dB/dt=4T/s → 0.45s
SIS12 Modus: dB/dt=10T/s → 0.12s
Injection of 1 UNILAC beam pulse 1.0• 1010 particles
Minimum time for acceleration, extraction and magnet resetting: 2s (spill-length)
SIS beam: 1.0•1010 •0.362/2=1.8•109 particles/s=3.6• 109 particles/spill

4. SIS beam structure – multi-multi-turn injection
eff. pulse width for injection: 47μs
(36.2% efficiency)
time for injection: s
time for cooling: s
time for acceleration: s
beam extraction : s
time for magnet resetting: 0.5s
Injection of 10 UNILAC beam pulse 10•1.7• 109 particles (150μA)
Minimum spill length: 6-7s
SIS beam: 10•1.7• 109 •0.362/7 =8.7• 108 particles/s multi-multi-turn injection
3.1• 108 particles/s single-turn injection
The present currents reached from the high current injector and sources need no stacking by the electron-cooler
If a future UNILAC source can fill SIS with 1 beam pulse up to the incoherent space charge limit (3•1010 particles/spill), the maximum theoretical 238U beam intensity is 1.5•1010 particles/s. (time for acceleration, extraction and magnet resetting is only 2s)

5. Lifetime and Beam Loss - XHV is the key to heavy ion acceleration
XHV ≡ extra high vacuum

6. SIS – beam loss due to charge change