1. - Why? Bene Cur Adverbs Male Mal (name) Well Badly Good (adv) Poorly
boon
Cur
- Why?
Distant relative of “Where”

2. - Why? Diu Hodie Cras iam Cur Adverbs Heri Procrastinate
For a long time
(I love this word)
Today
Heri
Cras
Yesterday
Tomorrow
Procrastinate
iam
Now
Already (past tense)
Cur
- Why?
Cur est hic bis?

3. ibi Nunc Postea Saepe Tum Adverbs- 9 interim There
(As in a somewhat specific place)
Meanwhile
Nunc
Postea
Now
- Afterward
Saepe
Tum
Often
- Then

4. Ubi Adverbs- 9 Semper Where (Question or Statement) When Always
(Usually just statements)
Semper
Always
Semper Fidelis!
Semper Ubi Sub Ubi!

5. Confirmo, confirmare, confirmavi, confirmatum
Verbs
Verbs Cap 10
Clamo, clamare, clamavi, clamatum
- To shout
clamor
Confirmo, confirmare, confirmavi, confirmatum
To strengthen/make firm
To encourage
Confirmation
Libero, liberare,
liberavi, liberatum
To free
liberate

6. Servo, servare, servavi, servatum Tempto, temptare,
Verbs
Verbs Cap 10
Oppugno, oppugnare, oppugnavi, oppugnatum
To attack, assault
To besiege
Ob + pugnus = “fist toward”
Servo, servare,
servavi, servatum
To save/protect
service
Tempto, temptare,
temptavi, temptatum
To try -To test
Temptations….test you

7. Sto, stare, steti, statum Sto, stare and do dare have an irregular
To stand
Sto, stare and do dare have an irregular
3rd principle part (dedi and steti)
- You’ll notice most 3rd principle parts are irregular outside of the 1st conjugation.

8. Arma, -orum Telum, -i Nouns- Cap 11 Arms (weapons)
Hand-held/defensive weapons
Always Plural
2nd neut
Armaments
Telum, -i
Missile, javelin (weapon)
Thrown/offensive weapons
2nd neut

9. Auxilium, -i Impedimentum -i Copia -ae Nouns- Cap 11 Castrum, -i
Tent? / Fort
USUALLY PLURAL
Camp (plural)
2nd neu
Aid (singular)
Auxiliary troops/reinforcements
2nd neu
Related to
Casa, -ae : hut
Auxiliary
Impedimentum -i
Hindrance (singular)
Baggage train (plural)
2nd fem
Copia -ae
Supply, abundance (singular)
Forces, troops (plural)
2nd fem
Impede
- In-pes = in foot
Copious

12. Captivus, -i Anima -ae ‎ Animus -i ‎ Fama, -ae Nouns- Cap 11
Consilium, -i
Captivus, -i
Plan, advice
2nd neu
Captive
2nd masc
Counsel
Capio + -ivus
A person being captured
Anima -ae ‎
Animus -i ‎
Fama, -ae
Soul, breath, spirit
Life force
1st fem
Soul, breath, spirit
Mind / psyche
2nd masc
Rumor, reputation
1st fem
Related to fib, fable, hablar
Sometimes a goddess- Fama
Animated - Animation -Animal

13. Signum -i Nouns- Cap 12 Fuga -ae Audacia -ae Proelium -i
Sign, signal, symbol
Military Standard
2nd neu
Fuga -ae
Refuge
Flight (in the sense of fleeing)
- 1st fem
Insignia, ensign,
Audacia -ae
Battle
2nd neu
Proelium -i
Boldness, daring
1st fem
Magister hates this word because Medieval Latin spells this as praelium
Audacity, audacious

14. Inopia -ae Nouns- Cap 12 Cura -ae Carrus -i Socius -i Lack, scarcity
Want
1st fem
Cura -ae
Te cura!
Cure
Care, anxiety
- 1st fem
There’s a lack of
etymology on this word.
Carrus -i
Socius -i
Cart, wagon
Load
2nd masc
Ally, comrade
2nd masc
Social
Society
…Car. You saw it, right?

15. Locus -i Nouns- Cap 12 Poena -ae Loca -orum Location, place SINGULAR
Penal
Penalty
Pain
Location, place
SINGULAR
2nd masc
Poena -ae
Punishment, penalty
Common Idiom:
Dare poenam = to suffer punishment / pay the penalty
Do poenam = I suffer punishment
- 1st fem
Loca -orum
Place, region
PLURAL
2nd neu

16. Nouns- Cap 13 Causa -ae Epistula -ae Hora -ae Cause, reason Used for:
the Ablative of Cause
In the Genitive = for the sake of
1st Fem
Epistula -ae
Letter
- 1st fem
Greek Word
“Events of importance are the result of trivial causes” -Caesar
Hora -ae
Hour
Used for:
Ablative of Time
1st Fem
I only count the hours if they are serene

17. Gratus –a –um Paratus –a –um Dux, ducis Celeritas, Celeritatis
Adjectives Cap 13
Grateful
Pleasing
Paratus –a –um
Prepared
- Gratitude
-Technically a participle that means “Having been prepared”
Nouns Cap 14
Dux, ducis
Speed
Swiftness
Leader
Celeritas,
Celeritatis
Duke
Accelerate

18. Rex, regis Miles, militis Carmen, carminis Caput, capitis Nouns Cap 14
King
3rd masc
Soldier
3rd masc
Regal
Tyranno-saurus rex
-Military, Militia
-Milia?
Carmen, carminis
Nouns Cap 15
Caput,
capitis
Head
3rd neu
Capital
Chief
Haupt to Head
Song, poem 3rd neu
Charm

19. Diligentia -ae Corpus, corporis Iter, itineris Flumen, Fluminis
Nouns Cap 15
Diligentia -ae
Corpus, corporis
Diligence, care
1st fem
Body
(fig) body or work
3rd neu
- Dis + legere = to pick apart
-Corporeal
-Corpse
Iter, itineris
journey
3rd neu
Flumen,
Fluminis
River
3rd neu
Itinerary
Flume

20. Vulnus, vulneris Tempus, temporis Finis, finis Civis, civis
Nouns Cap 16
Vulnus, vulneris
Tempus, temporis
Wound
3rd neu
Time
3rd neu
- vulnerable
-Temporal, temporary
- Tempus fugit!
Finis, finis
Finish
Finality
Civis, civis
Singular: end, boundary
Plural: territory
3rd i-stem masc
Citizen
3rd i-stem m et f
Civilization
PIE word for “settle, home”
Distant cousin to our word “house”

21. Mors, mortis Gens, gentis Hostis, hostis Nouns Cap 16 Ignis, ignis
Death
3rd i-stem fem
Clan, family
nation (of people)
3rd i-stem fem
Mortuary
Mortal
imagines maiorum
-PIE word for “birth”
Ignis, ignis
Hostis, hostis
Fire
3rd i-stem masc
(plu) enemy
(sing) traitor, dissident, stranger
3rd i-stem masc
Ignition, ignite
Igneous
Hostile - Damnatio memoriae

22. Urbs, urbis Navis, navis Pons, pontis Nouns Cap 16 (A huge) City
(fig) Rome
3rd i–stem fem
Ship
3rd i-stem fem
Urban
Urbane
-Navy, naval
Pons, pontis
Bridge
3rd i-stem masc
Pontoon
Pontifex Maximus

24. Moneo, -ere, monui,monitum Verbs Verbs Cap 17
Maneo, -ere, mansi, mansum
Remain, stay
Remaneo- ere
Remain
Moneo, -ere,
monui,monitum
Advise, warn
Admonish
Teneo, -ere,
tenui, tentum
Hold, grasp, keep
(fig) know, understand
Attain - tener
Abstain -Obtain

25. Celer, celeris, celere Acer, acris, acre Brevis, breve Fortis, forte
Adj’s Cap 18
Swift, fast, quick
Acer, acris, acre
- Accelerate
Sharp, fierce,
sour, bitter
Keen, smart
acid, acidic
Acrid
Acerbus – oppressive, arrogant
Brevis, breve
brave, strong
Don’t confuse with fors, fortis - luck
short
Fortis, forte
brief
Fortify

26. Omnis, omne Audax, audacis Similis, simile Adj’s Cap 18
(sing) every, each
(plu) all
Audax, audacis
Bold, daring
1 termination 3rd Adj
- omnipotēns
- omnisciēns
- omnivorus
- Audacity, audacious
Similis, simile
similar
PIE word for “together”

27. Facilis, facile Gravis, grave Potens, potentis Adj’s Cap 18 Easy
-Facilitate
Gravis, grave
Heavy
Serious
- Grave
Potens, potentis
Powerful
Potent, omnipotent
Potenzano