1. The gut microbiota and inflammatory noncommunicable diseases: Associations and potentials for gut microbiota therapies 
Christina E. West, MD, PhD, Harald Renz, MD, Maria C. Jenmalm, PhD, Anita L. Kozyrskyj, PhD, Katrina J. Allen, MD, PhD, Peter Vuillermin, MD, PhD, Susan L. Prescott, MD, PhD Charles MacKay, PhD, Seppo Salminen, PhD, Gary Wong, MD, John Sinn, MD, Jakob Stokholm, MD, PhD, Hans Bisgaard, MD, DMSci, Ruby Pawankar, MD, PhD, Paul Noakes, PhD, Dörthe Kesper, PhD, Meri Tulic, PhD Christina E. West, MD, PhD, Harald Renz, MD, Maria C. Jenmalm, PhD, Anita L. Kozyrskyj, PhD, Katrina J. Allen, MD, PhD, Peter Vuillermin, MD, PhD, Susan L. Prescott, MD, PhD Charles MacKay, PhD, Seppo Salminen, PhD, Gary Wong, MD, John Sinn, MD, Jakob Stokholm, MD, PhD, Hans Bisgaard, MD, DMSci, Ruby Pawankar, MD, PhD, Paul Noakes, PhD, Dörthe Kesper, PhD, Meri Tulic, PhD 
Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 
Volume 135, Issue 1, Pages 3-13 (January 2015)
DOI: /j.jaci
Copyright © 2014 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Terms and Conditions

2. Fig 1
Dysbiosis, an “imbalance in the structure and/or function of the microbiota that leads to disruption of host-microorganism homeostasis,”6 has been implicated in a broad range of inflammatory disease states. There is also suggestive evidence that changes in gut microbiota have implications for cognitive and mental health dysfunction and stress responses. These diverse multisystem influences have sparked interest in strategies to favorably modulate the gut microbiota to attain homeostasis.
Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology  , 3-13DOI: ( /j.jaci )
Copyright © 2014 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Terms and Conditions

3. Fig 2
Overuse or repeated courses of broad-spectrum antibiotics disrupt the normal ecology, allowing colonization of C difficile and leading to dysbiosis. FMT with feces from a healthy donor administered through the nasogastric (A) or colonoscopic (B) routes restores microbial ecology and resolves inflammation.
Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology  , 3-13DOI: ( /j.jaci )
Copyright © 2014 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Terms and Conditions