1. a) Define bradycardia. (1) b) Outline why the adaptations leading to bradycardia might be beneficial to trained athletes. (3)

2. Outline the four phases of the cardiac cycle. (4)

3. Define the term pressure gradient. (1)
A pressure gradient is when there is a difference in neighbouring or adjoining pressures (1).

4. Examine how the body uses pressure gradients in order to facilitate inspiration and expiration. (6)

5. Examine the purpose of warming up to improve cardiac function during sporting activity. (6)

6. During intense racing, an endurance swimmer will require a greater volume of air per breath than when at rest. Explain how the swimmer achieves a greater volume of air per breath during a race. (6)

7. Describe the effects of an unhealthy lifestyle on the cardiovascular system. (4)

8. Analyse the effect of a warm-up on performance
Analyse the effect of a warm-up on performance. Use your knowledge and understanding from across the course of study to answer this question. (12)
Continued….

10. Outline what is meant by an unhealthy lifestyle. (4)