1. Mendel and Meiosis

2. Genetics-- scientific study of heredity

3. True-Breeding
produces offspring identical to themselves if allowed to self pollinate.

4. Trait
characteristic that varies from one individual to another

5. Hybrid
parents have 2 different traits. Heterozygous for a trait.

6. Gene
sequence of DNA codes that determines a trait

7. Allele
one of a number of different forms of a gene

8. Segregation
separation of alleles during gamete formation

9. Gamete
male or female sex cell. Egg or sperm

10. Probability
likelihood that something will happen

11. Punnett square
diagram that shows the gene combinations that might result from a genetic cross.

12. Homozygous
two identical alleles

13. Heterozygous
two different alleles

14. Phenotype
what the trait looks like

15. Independent assortment
genes are inherited seperatly

16. Incomplete Dominance
in heterozygous state the traits(alleles) blend

17. Co dominance
when both alleles show up at same time red and white, not pink

18. Multiple alleles
more than 2 alleles for trait or gene (blood)

19. traits controlled by 2 or more genes
Polygenic traits
traits controlled by 2 or more genes
Skin color is controlled by 8 genes

20. Homologous
corresponding chromosomes from opposite parents

21. Diploid
cell with double set of chromosomes 2n this is the normal number

22. Haploid (monoploid)—
1/2 the normal number of chromosomes. 1n 1 set of chromosomes

23. Meiosis
division of primary sex cells to make haploid cells

24. Tetrad
4 chromosomes hooked together at centromere during meiosis

25. Crossing over
part of 1 chromosome switches places with part of a homologous chromosome.

26. Gene map
map of what the genes look like and what chromosome they are on.