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Mendel and Meiosis
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Genetics-- scientific study of heredity
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True-Breeding produces offspring identical to themselves if allowed to self pollinate.
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Trait characteristic that varies from one individual to another
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Hybrid parents have 2 different traits. Heterozygous for a trait.
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Gene sequence of DNA codes that determines a trait
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Allele one of a number of different forms of a gene
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Segregation separation of alleles during gamete formation
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Gamete male or female sex cell. Egg or sperm
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Probability likelihood that something will happen
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Punnett square diagram that shows the gene combinations that might result from a genetic cross.
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Homozygous two identical alleles
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Heterozygous two different alleles
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Phenotype what the trait looks like
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Independent assortment
genes are inherited seperatly
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Incomplete Dominance in heterozygous state the traits(alleles) blend
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Co dominance when both alleles show up at same time red and white, not pink
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Multiple alleles more than 2 alleles for trait or gene (blood)
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traits controlled by 2 or more genes
Polygenic traits traits controlled by 2 or more genes Skin color is controlled by 8 genes
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Homologous corresponding chromosomes from opposite parents
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Diploid cell with double set of chromosomes 2n this is the normal number
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Haploid (monoploid)— 1/2 the normal number of chromosomes. 1n 1 set of chromosomes
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Meiosis division of primary sex cells to make haploid cells
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Tetrad 4 chromosomes hooked together at centromere during meiosis
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Crossing over part of 1 chromosome switches places with part of a homologous chromosome.
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Gene map map of what the genes look like and what chromosome they are on.
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