1. Fluidization Reading Materials: Perry’s Handbook, Chapter 17
M. Rhodes, An Introduction to Particle Technology, Chapter 5

2. Objectives
To understand why fluidization being used in industry
To learn how minimum fluidization velocity and pressure drop are calculated for fluidized column
To illustrate the different types of fluidization patterns

5. Fluid Catalytic Cracking (FCC)
endothermic reactions
residence time =2–10 s
649–760 ˚C
316–427 ˚C
riser
Steam and VGO heated are fed to the bottom of the riser.
The regenerated hot catalyst is also fed to the bottom of the riser.

6. Fluid Catalytic Cracking (FCC)

7. Coating with Pyrolytic Carbon (PC) of objects
Objective: Carbon and Silicon carbide, which coat any object present ,increases resistance to fracture, to wear, hardness and elastic modulus
Material and operating conditions
Vertical fluidized-bed reactor, containing the objects and zirconia particles (catalyst for cracking and pyrolysis)
a gas mixture of propane (C source) and methyl-chlorosilane (source of Si), transport gas (He)
elevated temperatures ( °C)

8. Reaction occurring
Scheme of the fluidized-bed reactor

10. But why Fluidised bed process?
Good Heat and mass transfer , and easy to control

11. Heat and Mass Transfer

12. Fluidization

13. Minimum Fluidization Velocity

14. Minimum Fluidization Velocity

16. Slow flow Re < 1

20. Some other correlations

22. 1100
70.4

27. Homogeneous Fluidization
There are two important factors:
Change the porosity
Change the bed height

28. Single settling velocity
= fluidisation velocity not
necessary minimum fluidized
velocity
Single settling velocity

32. Chapter 2

33. Bubbling (two-phase) Fluidization

40. Fluidized Bed Design