1. Age of Jackson
Presidential Election of 1824-aka Corrupt Bargian-J.Q. Adams won
Election was divided geographically
4 Candidates:
Jackson – nationally favored
JQ Adams – Northeast
Henry Clay – West
Crawford - South
Jackson won the popular vote, but none received majority of electoral votes (131) - House of Reps had to decide

3. Jacksonians screamed that the election was a fraud
Henry Clay had the power to swing the election and he disliked Jackson, supported Adams
Jacksonians screamed that the election was a fraud
Claimed that there was a Corrupt Bargain = Adams won, placed Henry Clay as Sec. of State
Jacksonians withdrew from the Dem-Republican Party to form Democratic Party JQ
Adams
Jackson

4. John Quincy Adams as President
Followers of Jackson had blocked Adams’ plans
Voting Rights were greatly increased by the states = universal white male suffrage
Election of 1828-Jackson won
Jackson appealed to the common people
Campaign was geared toward the common man by using parades, posters, balloons, etc
Political speeches became like entertainment and people more informed
Patronage/Spoils System – rotation of officeholders, he said would stop corruption, but it allowed him to give away huge numbers of jobs to friends

5. Removal of the Native Americans
Conflicts → Jackson favored settlers over Native Americans
Jackson did not believe in assimilation
Assimilation = Americanizing or bringing someone into another culture
Indian Removal Act of 1830 – federal government would provide funds to negotiate treaties, forcing the natives off their land
About 90 treaties were signed, pushing them off their land, and moving them west began
Cherokee tried to win just treatment through the legal system

7. Worcester v. Georgia, 1832 – Cherokee won all the rights they were due, were recognized as a nation, (a political community)
Jackson’s Response – to ignore the ruling, “let Marshall enforce it”
Trail of Tears
Forced removal continued under President Martin Van Buren
800-mile trip, mostly on foot, during winter, many died, their belongings stolen
Buried more than 25% of their people died
Placed on inferior land (Oklahoma)

9. States’ Rights, Jackson and the National Bank
Tariff Issue
Protective tariffs passed to protect markets, 1816, 1824, 1828, and 1832
Tariff of Abominations (1828 and 32) –
this tax on imports forced southerners to
pay higher prices for manufactured goods
John C. Calhoun, from South Carolina,
-Jackson’s first Vice President
Calhoun authored the “Exposition and Protest” in
response to the tariffs
He proposed nullification
Nullification Theory – questioned the legality of applying some federal laws on sovereign states – type of checks and balances for the states against the federal government
Nullification involves state’s rights

10. Hayne-Webster Debates
For a week in January of 1830, Senators Robert Hayne of SC debated with Daniel Webster of Massachusetts on the tariff issue
Core of the debate = state v. federal power
South Carolina’s Rebels
Ordinance of Nullification, 1832 – legislators declared the tariffs unconstitutional and called to nullify them
SC threatened to secede from the Union
Jackson’s Response = threatened to use force to uphold the authority of the federal government
Although a southerner and a slave owner, Jackson took the actions as an attack against him
Declared SC actions as treasonous
This is one of the few events where Jackson went against the common man
Violence avoided because SC agreed to lesser tariff
Calhoun resigned as VP

12. 11/29 Warm Up:
What does nullification mean? How does this apply to the SC Nullification Crisis?
Explain the court ruling in Worcester v. Georgia and explain Jackson’s response.

13. Bank War
Jackson accused bank of favoring Northeastern businessmen over Western farmers
1832, vetoed the bill to recharter the bank
“Pet Banks” – Jackson orders federal money to be withdrawn from National Bank and placed in state banks loyal to the Democratic Party
Nicholas Biddle, President of Bank – in order to save the Bank, demanded repayment of loans
Forced many businessmen and manufacturers into bankruptcy – Biddle was forced to stop
Five years later the National Bank closed its doors

15. Overall Impact of Jackson
Jackson’s policies had angered many people, including members of his own party –the Democratic party
Many of these people formed a new party, called the Whig party
anyone who opposed excessive power
Led by Henry Clay
Opposed Jackson’s policies
Two party system reemerges
Martin Van Buren, Jackson’s 2nd Vice President – won the presidential election of 1836
Jackson’s economic policies led to
a recession during Van Buren’s
presidency
Many banks, and the federal
government started to accept
only gold or silver
Panic of 1837 – bank closings and the
collapse of the credit system caused
many people to file for bankruptcy

16. Panic of 1837