1. Endocrine System (Regulation part 2)
A. Function: to control and coordinate life processes using chemical messengers called hormones
B. How? hormones are released by ductless glands and carried throughout the bloodstream
C. WHY?
Messages are sent to target cells, tissue or organs in order to increase or decrease an activity to maintain homeostasis
Endocrine system is regulated by a negative feedback mechanism (the level of one hormone in the blood stimulates or inhibits the production of another hormone)
Ex. Heating system
ROOM
COOLS
DOWN
FURNACE
KICKS ON
WARMS UP
OFF

2. Negative Feedback Example: Actions of Insulin and Glucagon

3. 1/18/2017 Bellwork: Journal task
Date & write the following question then answer using complete sentences. (refer to diagram in notes or the text pg. 1007).
“Describe the role of insulin in regulating blood sugar levels.”
Glucose Regulation Videos
Role of Insulin in the Body
Insulin, Glucose and You

4. How does the Endocrine System Work?
Glands release hormones with a specific shape.
The hormones travel in the blood and attach to Target Cells which have receptor molecules that match the hormone shape
This stimulates a response by the cell
Non-Target Cells -No response by the cell
Hormones in Blood
Gland
Target Cells – stimulates a response by the cell

5. Hormones & Target Cells
Target cell receptor
Hormones are very specific and effect only 1 target organ (like enzymes)
They are slower and longer lasting than nerve responses
WHAT HAPPENS IF A TYPE OF CELL DOES NOT HAVE RECEPTORS??
CELL WILL NOT RESPOND TO THAT HORMONE!
Ex. Testosterone will not affect heart cells, but adrenaline will

6. Practice question

7. Let’s see….
1. These cells make up the endocrine gland which makes the hormone.
2. The hormone,
or chemical
messenger
4. The receptor_ fits the hormone like a lock & key
5. The target cell_ is part of an organ that will respond to the hormone
3. The blood_ transports the hormone to the target cells/organ
Practice: Cell receptor reading comprehension WS
Class activity: Target cells
Each type of hormone is recognized by specific target cells or organs. In order to be affected by a particular hormone, the target cells must contain receptors that will “fit” the hormone – much like a lock & key.

8. Glands 1. Exocrine glands: release secretions through ducts (tubes)
Ex. Sweat, tears, saliva
2. Endocrine glands: release secretions (hormones) directly into the bloodstream
Hyposecretion- too little hormone produced 
Hypersecretion- too much hormone produced

9. Glands, Hormones & Their Functions

10. The Brain Pituitary gland biology Animation
Endocrine Glands biology Animation
Section 35-3
Pons
Pituitary gland
Hypothalamus
Cerebrum
Medulla oblongata
Spinal cord
Cerebellum
Pineal gland
Thalamus

11. Uterine contraction; lactation (breast milk production)
Gland
Hormones secreted
Effect/Function(s)
Hypothalamus
Controls the pituitary gland
Produces chemicals called “releasing hormones” that stimulate the pituitary gland to release its own hormones.
Oxytocin
ADH
Uterine contraction; lactation (breast milk production)
Promotes water reabsorption in kidneys
Pituitary
“Master gland” – it regulates body functions and other endocrine glands
Pituitary gland biology Animation
TSH (thyroid stimulating hormone)
FSH (Follicle stimulating hormone)
Growth Hormone (GSH)
Stimulates thyroid gland to produce thyroxin
Stimulates activities of testes & ovaries
Stimulates elongation of bones  
Thyroid
Thyroxin
Controls body’s metabolism

12. Gland Hormones secreted Effect/Function(s) Parathyroid Parathormone
Controls blood calcium levels in bones and teeth
Adrenal
Adrenalin
Increases heart rate and respiratory rate
HELP PREPARE AND DEAL WITH STRESS – the “FIGHT OR FLIGHT” hormone epinepherine and norepinephrine
Pancreas
 (Islets of Langerhans)
Insulin
Glucagon
Lowers blood glucose
Raises blood glucose
Testes
(male gonads)
TESTOSTERONE
Male secondary sex characteristics (puberty); production of sperm
Ovaries
(female gonads)
ESTROGEN
PROGESTERONE
Female secondary sex characteristics (puberty); production of eggs
Maintains uterus lining during pregnancy

13. Endocrine Disorders Grave’s Disease 1. Goiter
Enlargement of the thyroid gland due to
the inability to manufacture thyroxin (hypothyroidism)
Grave’s Disease
Hyperthyroidism- over secretion of thyroxin
2. Diabetes Video: Diabetes made Simple
Insulin deficiency which results in elevated blood sugar level
Symptoms can include:
Excessive thirst Frequent urination
Extreme hunger Unexplained weight loss
Glucose in urine Fatigue
Vision problems Numbness tingling in extremities
High infection rate
Often caused by iodine insufficiency in the diet

14. Differences between the Human Regulatory Systems:
Nervous System
Endocrine System
Response Time
Immediate response
Seconds to hours (depending on the hormone)
Duration of Response
Very short duration
Longer duration (sometimes permanent)
Chemicals used
Neurotransmitters
Hormones
Signal
Transmission Method
Neurons
blood

15. Recap: Reviewbook pgs 12-13 Body System Interactions for Life Processes & Regulation
Circulatory system carries digested nutrients from the digestive system.
Circulatory system carries GASES exchanged between the respiratory system and the atmosphere.
Circulatory system carries wastes from the excretory system.
Endocrine system regulates timing of reproductive systems.

16. Comparing Single-Celled and Multicellular Organisms
Function
(life process)
Part of Single-Celled Organism
Multicellular Organism System
Movement
Pseudopods (Amoeba)
Cilia (paramecium)
Skeletal and Muscular Systems
Gas Exchange
Cell Membrane
Respiratory System
Digestion/ Nutrition
Specialized Vacuole
Digestive System
Excretion
Excretory System
Circulation/ Transport
Cytoplasm
Circulatory System
Coordination/
Regulation
Nucleus
Nervous and Endocrine System
Reproduction
Reproductive Systems

17. COMPARING HUMANS AND OTHER ORGANISMS
Similar CHEMICAL COMPOSITION- elements C, H, O, N, and organic compounds (carbs, fats, proteins, nucleic acids).
Similar types of cells as geese and gorillas - (muscles, nerve, and blood cells)
Similar body systems as frogs and pigs- digestive and circulatory)
Similar reproduction as fish, birds, mammals- union of egg and sperm
Similar DNA as chimpanzees and like every living organism on planet. (Shows the evolutionary relationships (our ancestors)