1. Monday, 21 September Chapter 11 The Endocrine System
Classes of hormones
The adrenal gland
Fates of hormones
Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System
Control of hormone secretion
Hormone interactions (permissive effects)
Hypothalamus & Pituitary
The story of Aunt Dot
Endocrine disorders (lab)

2. What happens to hormones once released?
Be able to give
Examples.
Ex: Renin
Fast if free
Slow if bound
T4 to T3 and Testosterone to Estradiol

3. Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone
Renin is released from kidney cells into bloodstream, its “target” in a plasma protein.
Renin
Angiotensinogen from liver, a plasma protein
Angiotensin I
Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE)
Angiotensin II
Thirst
Zona Glomerulosa of Adrenal Cortex
Arterial smooth muscle … vasoconstriction…increase blood pressure
Aldosterone
Promotes Na+ retention in Kidney

4. Renin from Juxtaglomerular cells in Kidney (-)
Don’t fret over this
[Na+] in distal tubule of nephron detected by Macula Densa
Sympathetic activity
Renin from Juxtaglomerular cells in Kidney
(-)
Multi-step process involving Angiotensin I and II
Angiotensin II
Aldosterone
K+ in plasma
_______
Na+ reabsorption in kidney
thirst
Plasma volume
Drink
Blood pressure
vasoconstriction

5. What happens to hormones once released?
Be able to give
Examples.
Ex: Renin
Fast if free
Slow if bound
T4 to T3 and Testosterone to Estradiol

6. Factors that affect hormone secretion
Integrator!
11.09.jpg
Recall example: beta cells of Islets of Langerhans
Secretion is usually pulsative, may be diurnal.

7. Adrenergic
Cholinergic
16.08.jpg

8. Fig
Permissive effect
Thyroid hormone stimulates production of beta-adrenergic receptors
11.08.jpg

9. Questions so far?

10. Fig a
11.12a.jpg

11. Fig. 11.12b Neurohypophysis Adenohypophysis
11.12b.jpg
Vasopressin (= Antidiuretic hormone) Oxytocin

12. Typical Blood Flow Portal System
Artery – arteriole- capillary –venule- vein –heart
Portal System
Artery – arteriole- capillary –portal vessel –capillary –venule- vein –heart
Hypothalamo-hypophyseal portal system
Hepatic portal system
Vasculature of nephrons

13. Release-inhibiting Hormone
Tropic hormones control the function
Trophic hormones promote survival and growth of targets A S P
Long Loop Negative Feedback
Long Loop Negative Feedback
Hypothalamo-hypophyseal portal system
11.17.jpg
Releasing Hormone
Release-inhibiting Hormone

14. Who Cares?

15. Menopause Widmaier text p. 694
Onset ~ age 50
Irregular menstrual cycles
Breasts and genital organs gradually atrophy
Decrease in bone mass & strength (osteoporosis) (bone resorption greater than bone deposition)
Hot flashes…sweating, etiology unknown
Increased incidence of coronary artery disease