12. Valence Electrons are the only electrons involved in Chemical Bonds!!!

23. Dissociation of a salt (inorganic) in water

31. Organic Compounds Carbohydrates Sugars & Starches with C, O, H
“Hydrated carbon”
Glucose: C6H12O6
Ribose:C5H10O5

32. 1. Carbohydrates A. Monosaccharide Simple sugars
Single-chain or single-ring
3-7 carbons
Glucose- blood sugar, cellular fuel
Fructose & Galactose- converted into glucose
Ribose & deoxyribose- used in nucleic acids

33. B. Double sugar (disaccharide)
Double sugars
Dehydration synthesis- 2 simple sugars are joined by a synthesis reaction
Sucrose (glucose-fructose)
Lactose (glucose-galactose)
Maltose (glucose-glucose)
Double sugars are too large to pass through the cell membrane
Broken down into monosac.
Hydrolysis reaction

34. Dehydration synthesis and hydrolysis of a molecule of sucrose

35. C. Polysaccharides Many sugars Storage products= large insoluble
Lack sweetness
Starch- plants
Glycogen- animal tissues (muscles & liver)

36. Carbs… Ready, easily used source of food energy for cells
Glucose oxidized (combined with O2)--- broken down into CO2 & H2O
As glucose bonds break the energy released is trapped in ATP molecules (energy currancy of all cells)
If not needed for ATP synthesis- carbs are converted to glycogen or fat and stored…WEIGHT GAIN 