1. Chapter 13 Disease and Parasitism -Black Death (14th Century)
-Spanish flu ( )
-AIDS, mad-cow disease,
Microparasites: bacteria, viruses, fungi, prion
Macroparisites: large multicellular organism (e.g., tapeworm)
Sublethal effect: reduce wellbeing without causing death

2. Chapter Opener ?

3. Effect of disease on individuals
-clutch size of lizard: reproduction
Fledgings of swallow with fumigation (nest parasites)
Harbor seal: phocine distemper virus
(95 % infected, more male >female death)
-39 crows with radio transmitter: 68 % died from Nile West virus % death in lab.
some developed resistance to this disease.

4. Figure 13-4

5. blood sucking ectoparasites
Figure 13-5 2%
19%
Birds that repeatedly use the same nest are particularly susceptible to
blood sucking ectoparasites

6. Figure 13-6
Harbor seal (1988): phocine distemper virus- very rapid, high mortality

7. Figure 13-7
About 60 % killed
Varberg
Koster

8. 39 crows with radio-transmitter in central Illinois
Figure 13-8
39 crows with radio-transmitter in central Illinois
Normally 5-10% in summer,
in %
West Nile Virus

9. Effect of disease on population
- Need more study on population
-brucellosis in Bison (Yellowstone National Park)
about 60 % adult have antibodies to Brucella bacterium
Critical treshold: 200 or larger bison: 부루셀라병
Rabies in wildlife : fox, wolves, coyote, skunk, racoon
55000 death of people/year

10. “contagious abortion”
Figure 13-9
In female abortion
“contagious abortion”

11. Figure 13-10
Rabies; record in BC 500
BC300 Aristotle

12. Figure 13-11
racoon,
coyote
Gray fox

13. Figure 13-12
Rabies cases in US
Host shift unknown
(Eastern USA)

14. Rabies Epizootic in eastern USA
Figure 13-13
Rabies Epizootic in eastern USA

15. Figure 13-15
Vaccination of wild foxes using baits Switzerland (since 1978), Austria, Hungary