1. The BREAK-UP of YUGOSLAVIA
                                       

2. Josip Broz Tito “Brotherhood and Unity”

3. Patterns of Ethnic Settlement Facilitated the Conflict and Break-up
Slovene/Catholic 91%
Croat/Catholic 3%
Serb/E Ortho 2%
Croat/Catholic 78%
Serb/E Ortho 12%
Muslims (43.7%)
Croats/Catholic (17.3%)
Serbs/E Ortho (31.4 %)
Serb/ E Ortho 63%
Montenegrin/ E Ortho 6%
Albanian/Muslim 14%
Hungarian/Catholic 4%
Bosnia: 40% of
urban couples
ethnically mixed
Patterns of Ethnic Settlement
Facilitated the Conflict and Break-up
66% Macedonian/E Ortho
23% Albanian/Muslim
2% Serb/E Ortho
4% Turk/Muslim

4. Key to the conflict World underestimated Milosevic purged moderates
the power and violence of appeals to ethnicity and nationalism
Milosevic
purged moderates
played upon old fears/animosities
engaged in specific policies designed to
perpetuate the fear and
SEGREGATE the populations and REDRAW national boundaries to their own advantage
specifically calculated the West’s inability/reluctance to get involved
                                  
                                       

5. With the rise of Gorbachev and liberalization of relations with USSR
Yugoslavia was no longer a crucial link to US foreign policy
Fear precedent of break-up
US and West was focused on Persian Gulf
WEST not prepared to deal with conflicting goals: integrity of state v. self determination

6. Which is a more appropriate goal?
To protect state sovereignty? Borders?
To allow all groups to have self-determination and independent nations?

7. Bosnia Geographically it’s in the middle
Territory was desirable for its access to the Adriatic Sea and for strategic reasons
It was an example of a truly multi-ethnic society with no majority
Muslims (43.7%)
Croats (17.3%)
Serbs (31.4 %)
The population consisted of large ethnic groups
Linked to Serbia and Croatia
Serbia and Croatia wanted these people and their lands to join Serbia and Croatia respectively, rather than be in a multi-ethnic Bosnia

8. According to Donnelly why was the genocide not stopped?

9. IRONY OF ETHNIC CLEANSING
Ethnic cleansing and mass murder produced ethnically pure territorial units
ultimately produces NEATER maps on which peace settlement could be worked
allowing the safe areas to fall got rid of enclaves that cluttered the map
world leaders denounce ethnic cleansing BUT in the end BACK RESULTS which bring peace

10. ETHNIC MIX
BEFORE THE
WAR

11. After Dayton Accords
Before the War

12. BOSNIA Declares independence, too Bosnian Serbs
declare an independent Serb state and lay siege to Sarajevo, claiming the city as its capital
Yugoslav artillery shell Bosnia/Sarajevo—providing support to Serb irregulars who engage in ethnic cleansing of Bosnia
1000 Serbs shells a day hitting Sarajveo
3,777 hit in 16 hours on July 23, 1993

13. VUKOVAR
Multi-ethnic city bordering Croatia and Serbia: city reduced from 50,000 to 15,000

14. Safe Areas: what were they supposed to be?
Srebrenica, Tuzla, Zepa, Sarajevo, Gorazde

15. SARAJEVO BEFORE THE WAR

17. The Sarajevo Shuffle

19. Market Bombings that Finally Touch the World