1. Russia

2. Map Russian Expansion 1815-1914 (page 618)
Geo-Politics & Geo-Economics
How far is it from St. Petersburg to Vladivostok?
How would the size & distances in Russia make Government difficult?
What relationship is there between Russian ports & access to the seas?
Why would ports on the Barents Sea & Arctic Ocean not be practical?

3. Czar Nicholas I s backlash against Westernization -early 1800s
turn to isolationism
Nicholas I represses opposition – Decembrist Revolt of 1825
Russia escapes mid 1800 revolution – part of Conserv
falls behind West with industrialization
agricultural society – dependent on un-free labor
Czar Nicholas I

4. territorial expansion
Extension of trans-Siberian railroad

5. railroads – 1870s
- spur iron & coal production
open up Siberia

6. THE GREAT GAME
agricultural society – dependent on un-free labor
Central Asia
Britain & Russia

7. Russian competition with Britain for territory in Central Asia
Also conflict with China over Amur river area

8. Crimean War ( )
- lose b/c not as industrialized
free labor force needed?
reform to protect Russian institutions – not copy West
zemstvoes

9. serfs emancipated 1861
- had to pay for land
increases urban population
no increase in agricultural production
later reforms – law codes
- local political councils Zemstvoes
- military
Remains traditional peasant society – no change of attitude

10. move to industrialization
Slow industrialization – few Bourgeoisie
Top-down industrialization sabotaged by lack of cultural change (political and otherwise)

11. Count Sergei Whitte high protective tariffs improve banking
encourage Western investment

12. women get some access to
education & professions

13. Feodor Dostoevsky Leo Tolstoy literacy increases
A Russian literature develops embodying Russian character
Feodor Dostoevsky
Leo Tolstoy

14. reforms & economic changes encourage minority nationality demands
cultural nationalism
social protest
peasants suffer
government pulls back from reforms
educated dissatisfied
- want more personal freedoms
intelligentsia – radical political change
- deep social reform

15. Revolution of 1905 Marxist socialism starts to spread (1890s)
Vladimir Ilyich Lenin – make Marxism fit Russia
working class unrest in cities
Revolution of 1905
imperialist expansion
into 20th century
pan-Slavic movement
Middle East, Central Asia, China
Russo-Japanese war
loss creates unrest in Russia

16. Eastern Europe urban workers & peasants unite
Duma created – national parliament
peasant reforms
Tsar withdraws reforms & new rights
Eastern Europe
influenced by Russia
abolish serfdom
industrialization minimal
agricultural exporters

17. Cultural novelists Dostoevsky Tolstoy music Tchaikovsky
Chopin (Polish)
Lizt (Hungarian)
science
Mendel (Czech) – genetics
Pavlov - physiology