1. Maternal Mortality

2. Objectives of the session:
To discuss maternal mortality issues in Egypt.
To identify the main causes of maternal mortality.
To recognize the avoidable factors contributing to these maternal deaths.
To determine preventive programs to reduce maternal deaths.

3. Maternal Health
A woman dies of pregnancy-related complications every minute—meaning more than half a million women each year worldwide
Ninety-nine percent of maternal deaths occur in the developing world – and most of these deaths are preventable
The chances of dying from maternal complications are 1 in 16 in developing countries compared to 1 in in developed countries

4. Maternal Health
Each year, more than 50 million women give birth at home and without the help of a trained professional
For every woman who dies during childbirth, another 30 women suffer injury, infection or disease.

5. Definition of Maternal Mortality
The death of a woman while pregnant or within 42 days of termination of pregnancy, irrespective of the duration and the site of pregnancy, from any cause related to or aggravated by the pregnancy or its management but not from accidental or incidental causes.

6. Definition of Direct Obstetric causes
Those resulting from obstetric complications of the pregnant state (pregnancy, labor and puerperium) from interventions, omissions, incorrect treatment or from a chain of events resulting from any of the above.

7. Definition of Indirect obstetric Causes
Those resulting from previous existing disease or diseases that developed during pregnancy and which were not due to direct obstetric causes, but which were aggravated by physical effects of pregnancy.

8. Definitions of Maternal Mortality Ratio and Rate
MM Ratio = No. of MDs in 12 months x 100,000
No. of LBs in the same 12 months
MM Rate = No. of MDs in 12 months x 100,000
Average No. of women in the reproductive age in the same 12 months
MDs = Maternal Deaths
LBs = Live Births

9. Causes of Maternal Death

10. Place of Maternal Death
Sixty-two percent of maternal deaths took place in health facilities, 29% at home, and 9% during transportation. The majority (93%) of women who died sought medical help when they experienced problems.

11. Major Direct Causes of Maternal Deaths%
Causes of Death 34
Postpartum hemorrhage 22
Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy 9
Antepartum hemorrhage 8
Genital sepsis
Ruptured uterus 6
Cesarean section

12. Maternal Death are Avoidable
Health provider Factors – 54%: Sub-standard care, poor diagnosis and/or management in either public or private sector health care facilities.
Women and Family factors – 30%: Failure by the woman or her family to recognize danger signs, and consequently, daily in seeking care.
Health Facility Factors – 16%: shortage of blood, lack of drugs, supplies and equipment.

13. Maternal Death are Avoidable

14. Direct Causes of Maternal Deaths

15. Indirect Causes of Maternal Deaths

16. Maternal Mortality Ratio In Egypt
/ LB
/ LB
/ LB
1992/93* 174/ LB
2000* 84/ LB
2003** 75/ LB
* National Maternal Mortality study (ENMMS)
**New Model for registration of maternal mortality

18. Thank you