1. Bell Ringer
To measure the amount of concentration, you compare the amount of solvent and _______.
To change the concentration you can add solute or remove _______.
List the 3 factors that can affect the solubility of a mixture.

2. Chapter 7 Section 3 Acids and Bases

3. What did you eat for breakfast this morning?
Apple, Orange, Fruit Juice  Acid
The last time you washed your hair, did you use shampoo?
Shampoo, Soap  Base

4. Acids
An acid is any substance that produces hydrogen ions ( H+) in water.
Acids are hydrogen ion donators.

5. Properties of acids
An acid is a substance that tastes sour, reacts with metals and carbonates, and turns blue litmus paper red.
Acids are corrosive ( eat away ).
Citrus fruits are acidic ( lemons, grapefruits, oranges, limes, cherries, tomatoes, apples)

6. Acids and litmus paper
Litmus is an indicator, a compound that changes color when in contact with an acid or a base.
Acids turn blue litmus paper red.

7. Bases
A base is any substance that produces hydroxide ( OH-) ions in water.
A base is a hydrogen ion acceptor.

8. Properties of Bases
A base is a substance that tastes bitter, feels slippery, and turns red litmus paper blue.
Common bases: NaOH, CaOH, and ammonia

9. pH scale
The pH scale is a range of values from It expresses the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution.

10. Another example of pH scale

11. pH What does pH mean????????? p = potential H = hydrogen ions
pH = the potential to attract hydrogen ions

12. Low pH/high pH
A low pH = the concentration of hydrogen ions is high. ( it is a strong acid)
A high pH = the concentration of hydrogen ions is low. ( it is a strong base)

13. pH A pH lower than 7 is acidic. ( HCl acid, vinegar, lemons, tomatoes)
A pH higher than 7 is basic. ( drain cleaner, ammonia, soap, baking soda)
A pH of 7 is neutral ( pure water).

14. In water, acids and bases separate into H+ ions or OH- ions
ACIDS – low potential to attract H ions
BASES – high potential to atract ions

15. An acid is a substance that…
tastes sour (lemon)
reacts with metals and carbonates
turns blue litmus paper red (indicator)
Examples:
Hydrochloric Acid ( used to clean brick)
Nitric Acid ( in fertilizers)
Sulfuric Acid ( in car batteries)
Folic Acid ( in green leafy vegetables)
Ascorbic Acid ( in tomatoes and oranges)
Lactic Acid ( causes cramps in muscles)

16. A base is a substance that…
tastes bitter (soap)
feels slippery (shampoo, detergent, soap)
turns red litmus paper blue
Examples:
Sodium Hydroxide
Detergent
Ammonia
Soap, Shampoo