1. The Scientific Revolution
Mrs. Kelley
Orchard Knob Middle School

2. What is the Scientific Revolution?
“The period of invention and discovery during the Renaissance”

3. Advancements during the Scientific Revolution
Focus on REASON
Systematic observation of nature
Formulation of the scientific method
Expansion of scientific knowledge

4. Influences of the Scientific Revolution
Greeks (600 BC-200 CE)
Muslim (Arab) Scholars (700 CE-1200 CE)
Christian & Jewish Scholars ( CE)
Humanists (1400s CE)

5. The Greeks “Reason” could help explain nature
Aristotle: classification of natural world
Ptolemy: geocentrism (Earth is the center of the Universe)

6. Muslim (Arab) Scholars
Preserved Greek and Roman science
Arabic/Indian numerals (1,2,3..)
Arabic scientific discoveries in math, astronomy, and medicine

7. Christian & Jewish Scholars
Translated Greek and Arabic scientific advances into Latin
New universities
Christian scholars like Thomas Aquinas said Christianity and reason could work together

8. Humanists Encouraged questioning of classical thinking
Encouraged curiosity
Focus on NATURE

9. Which of the following advancements did NOT occur during the Scientific Revolution?
Systematic observation of nature
Focus on reason
Discovery of DNA
Improved scientific knowledge
Development of the scientific method

10. Causes of the Scientific Revolution
The Renaissance
Renewed emphasis on mathematics
Medieval universities
Navigational problems of long sea voyages
Better scientific instruments

11. Scientific “Revolutionaries”

12. Copernicus (1473-1543) Sun-centered universe (heliocentrism)
Challenged circular orbits
Earth no different than any other planet
On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres (1543)

13. Copernicus vs. Ptolemy

14. Johannes Kepler ( )
Planetary motion conforms to mathematical formula
Elliptical orbits
Planets do not move at uniform speeds in their orbits

15. Galileo Galilei ( )
Early practitioner of the experimental method
Mathematical formula for acceleration of falling objects
Law of inertia
His discoveries using the telescope
Found guilty of heresy and died under house arrest

16. Isaac Newton ( )
Argues for a universe governed by natural laws
Laws of gravity and inertia
Invented calculus
Principia; Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy (1687)

17. Francis Bacon (1561-1626) Father of the Scientific Revolution
Articulated Scientific Method
Emphasis on practical, useful knowledge
New attitude toward nature

18. Rene Descartes (1596-1650) Significance of Doubt The Deductive Method
Spatial relationships can be expressed in mathematical formulas
Father of “analytical geometry”

19. What tool did Galileo use to prove the Heliocentric theory?
Periscope
Telescope
Microscope
Barometer

20. Which individual is associated with the list below:
Which individual is associated with the list below: *Stated the laws of motion *Discovered the law of gravity *Invented Calculus
William Harvey
Galileo Galilei
Johannes Kepler
Isaac Newton

21. Consequences of the Scientific Revolution
Rise of the “Scientific Community”
--Royal Society of London (1662)
--Academy of Royal Sciences (1666)
The modern scientific method
A universe ordered according to natural laws

22. Consequences of the Scientific Revolution (cont)
Laws discovered by human reason
“De-Spiritualized” and de-mystified the Universe
Mechanical View of the Universe
View from the International Space Station Cupola

23. Describe the connections between new inventions and scientific knowledge during the Scientific Revolution (2 point written response)
Possible response: Inventions, such as the telescope, microscope, thermometer, and barometer helped to make new observations of the world and provided new information for scientific research.