1. Civil Rights
Lecture 1

2. Standard
Examine and analyze the key events, policies and court cases in the evolution of civil rights, including Dred Scott V. Sandford, Plessy V. Ferguson, Brown V. Board of Education, Regents of the University of California V. Bakke, and California Proposition 209.
Essential Question:
How did African Americans challenge segregation after World War II?

3. Civil Rights Movement Blacks had rights on paper but not in real life
WWII exposed hypocrisy of the nation
1910 NAACP formed by W.E.B. DuBois
1931 nine black boys sentenced to death for raping a girl who testified that she had not been raped
1948 Truman desegregated the military
1955 Emmet Till killed for allegedly whistling at a white woman in MS

5. De jure Segregation Segregation caused by the law Plessy v. Ferguson
separate but equal public places
Jim Crow laws in the South kept blacks from voting
poll taxes, literacy tests
whites were “grandfathered” in

6. De facto Segregation segregation caused by circumstances
poverty and illiteracy kept many blacks from the same opportunities as white Americans

7. Congress of Racial Equality (C.O.R.E.)
James Farmer sought non-violent means to get civil rights in the North in 1942
both blacks and whites worked together
Chicago, Detroit
followed teachings of Henry David Thoureau, Ghandi, and Jesus

8. Jackie Robinson
First African American major league baseball player in 1947

9. Brown v. Board of Education, 1954
NAACP funded a lawsuit to end segregation in schools
the Supreme Court overruled the states
Thurgood Marshall argued the case and later became a Supreme Court justice
the “Southern Manifesto” promised to defy the ruling

10. Earl Warren – the Warren Court
Expanded the definition of civil liberties,
gave federal support to the civil rights movement
Miranda rights

11. Little Rock Nine 1957 Arkansas Governor Orval Faubus
National Guard to bar nine black students from attending Central High School in Little Rock
Eisenhower sent the 101st Airborne to escort the students to class for a year!
a showdown of state-federal power

13. Civil Rights Act of 1957
Established permanent commission on civil rights with investigatory powers
lacked real power
Sen. Strom Thurmond (SC) tried to filibuster it

14. Montgomery Bus Boycott, 1955
Rosa Parks was thrown in jail in 1955 for not moving to the back of the bus in Montgomery, AL
MLK led a 13 month boycott until the courts made the buses desegregate
the buses ran almost empty for months
MLK’s house was bombed by the KKK

16. Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC)
Martin Luther King and other ministers organized their efforts
voter-registration drives, marches, passive resistance and non-violence

18. Homework Questions (Part 1) - Chp. 14: Section 1 p.468
How did segregation affect the lives of African Americans?
a) What is the difference between de facto and de jure segregation?
b) Which one was more common in the North?
Who was the first African Americans to play in major league baseball?
4) a) What did the Supreme Court decide in Brown v. Board of Education (1954)?
b) Why was this court decision important?
5) Why did President Eisenhower send federal troops to Little Rock, Arkansas in 1957?
6) How did the black community react to Rosa Park’s arrest in Montgomery, Alabama in 1955?