1. Heating Up the States of Matter

2. Essential Standard
6.P.2 Understand the structure, classifications and physical properties of matter.

3. Clarifying Objective
6.P .2.2 Explain the effect of heat on the motion of atoms through a description of what happens to particles during a change in phase.

4. Essential Question
How are atoms effected when the temperature of an object is increased/decreased?
What happens to the atoms and amount of heat during the liquid to gas phase change?
What happens to the atoms and amount of heat during the solid to liquid phase change?
What happens to the atoms and amount of heat during the gas to liquid phase change?
What happens to the atoms and amount of heat during the liquid to solid phase change

5. Heat & Phase Changes Chart

6. Atoms Remember that atoms are the smallest form of matter
All solids, liquids, & gases are made of atoms
What separates solids, liquids, & gases from each other is how many atoms are in each of the phases

7. States of Matter
Per review from last year there are 3 states of matter
Solids
Liquids
Gases
Each state of matter carries a different temperature & different amount of atoms in it
States of matter are controlled by TEMPERATURE

8. Heat & Atoms
The amount of heat that is given to directly affects whether it will be a solid, liquid or gas
The more the heat the more the atom particles change
The more heat provided the more ENERGY the atom particles will have

9. Heat & Atoms Heat gives the atoms ENERGY
The energy causes the atoms to get excited
When the atom particles excite they begin to vibrate faster & faster

10. Heat & Atoms
As the atoms vibrate faster the space between the atoms becomes larger
The end result is that the object expands and takes up more space

11. Heat & Atoms Small amount of heat = solids
Medium amount of heat = liquids
Large amount of heat = gases
The more heat given the more energy the atoms will have
Here is how it works

12. Solids Atoms in the solid state are very close together
They are stuck together in the form of a square or rectangle
They rotate & bump into each other but not very much & they do it very slowly
The atoms are cold in the solid stage but have definite volume
Atoms in the solid stage have a definite rigid structure

13. Liquids
Atoms in a liquid state can move freely around, under, & on top of each other
This flow of atoms (around each other) causes liquid to take water form
Atom particles in this state pull each other around which is why water will pool up on a surface
Atoms in a liquid state will take the shape of what they are in
Atoms in liquids have definite VOLUME

14. Gases
Atom particles in a gas state break totally free from each other (evaporation)
They move freely around totally on their own and not attached to another particle
They move extremely fast in this state
Atoms in the gas state have no shape or volume

15. Three States of Matter

16. Solids Liquids When Solids change to liquids these things happen
Heat/Temp increases
This causes the atom particles to get exited
Atom particles VIBRATE
Atom particles BREAK APART
Atom particles begin to slide past, over & under each other (this is what causes the flow in liquids)
Atom particles pull each other around

17. Liquids Gases
When liquids are changed to gases they must first be heated up
Atom particles heat up some more
Atom particles start to get even more excited and move even faster
Atom particles fly around so fast that they break off from the liquid particles
They have no definite shape or volume
They become gas particles

18. Gases Liquids When gases are changed back to liquids
Atom particles cool down
Atom particles move slower
Atom particles stick themselves back together
They are now only able to move themselves around, over, & under each other
They take on the shape & volume of their containers

19. Liquids Solid When liquids change back to solids they
The atom particles get very cold
The atom particles move very slowly
The atom particles are stuck back together
They can only rotate & vibrate against each other but cannot move
Create a definite shape and volume that does not depend on a container

20. Important Points Heat controls the changes of States of Matter
Increasing heat increases ENERGY & VIBRATIONS
The more heat you add you change states of matter from SOLIDS to LIQUIDS to GASES
When you increase heat the atoms get further apart
To control what state of matter you want all you have to do is change the amount of HEAT you give