1. ACTION RESEARCH
Action research is a small-scale intervention in the functioning of the real world to address practitioners’ own issues, and a close examination of the effects of such an intervention.

2. Elements of Action Research
It works on participants’ own problems;
It seeks to improve practice;
It is collaborative and participatory;
It is problem-solving;
It is undertaken in situ;
It is an ongoing cycle of diagnosis, planning, implementation and evaluation;
It is methodologically eclectic;
It requires reflection;
It builds on professional development.