1. Andrew Jackson
The Man and the Age

2. Person of Paradoxes Eastern aristocrat or rough hewn westerner?
Indian hater or Indian friend?
State’s Rights advocate or nationalist?

3. Jacksonian Democracy: State Level
Elimination of property qualifications to vote/hold office
Increase of elected (rather than appointed) positions
Shortened terms of office (makes politicians more responsive to voters)
Anti-elitist “populism”
Voting was not yet extended to women, or minorities though

4. Jacksonian Democracy: National Level
Nominating conventions replace caucuses
Electoral college members elected directly rather than by state legislatures
Spoils system and rotation in office
Reinforced the idea that ordinary citizens could hold public office
Opposed to federal funding of internal improvements
Rotation in office only replaced 20% of office holders
Spoils system also brought incompetent and corrupt people into government: Swartwout as inspector of NY port
Maysville Road veto: Jackson vetoed the bill giving federal money to build the road because it would have been totally within the state of Kentucky (Clay have anything to do with this??)

5. Election of 1824: Corrupt Bargain?
No one candidate received a majority of electoral votes
Jackson won the most popular votes
Was there really a corrupt bargain?
Henry Clay: Kentucky
William Crawford: Georgia
John Quincy Adams: Massachusetts
Andrew Jackson: Tennessee
John Quincy Adams 

6. Jacksonian Concept of the Presidency
Extensive use of veto
Representative of ALL Americans
Use of “kitchen cabinet” of informal advisors
His redefinition of presidential power led to the formation of the Whig Party
Whigs were in favor of
limiting presidential power
economic protectionism (tariff)
federal money for internal improvements
leaving slavery alone- the issue would eventually split Whigs: Cotton vs.
Conscience
pro-Bank
Whigs elected two men, both military heroes, neither finished their entire term

7. The Whigs

8. President Jackson

9. Jackson’s Inauguration 1828
Jackson’s victory was soured by the death of his wife Rachel
The reception after his swearing in was viewed as the rule of “King Mob” by Adams supporters but as “a proud day for the people” and the “Revolution of 1828”
Rachel had not technically been divorced and Jackson’s enemies used that in the campaign, which he vowed to get revenge for later on
The people feel as if they’ve been saved from something….paraphrase of Webster??

10. Inauguration of the “Common Man’s Hero” 1828

11. Personality Reigns Supreme
Slave owner: eventually owning over 100 slaves
Duels: Dickinson 1806, Thomas Hart Benton
Both parents died young
Notorious temper
Worked as a lawyer and judge on the frontier
The “Hero of New Orleans”
Jackson’s father died before he was born, and his mother died from smallpox which she contracted by nursing soldiers in the Revolution (Jackson was 14 at the time)
Russell Bean story

13. Native Americans Defeated Creeks at Horseshoe Bend 1813
Pursued the Seminoles into Florida 1817
Indian removal and the Cherokee 1830: Trail of Tears
Treaty of New Echota 1835: Cherokee turned over land to the whites
Blackhawk War 1832
Osceola had led Seminole resistance to the Americans, Jackson’s actions eventually led to Spain selling the territory to U.S.
The Cherokee had appealed to the Supreme Court and won, but Jackson refused to enforce the decision (maybe because of the showdown with South Carolina he didn’t want to have more trouble with southern states??)
Jackson acquiesed in the forced removal of Indians as the only way to protect them from the westward moving whites
In the Blackhawk war, Captain Abraham Lincoln encountered “blood struggles with mosquitoes and dashing assaults on onion patches”
Lt. Jefferson Davis treated Blackhawk fairly after his surrender

14. Blackhawk and Osceola

17. Nullification Crisis
Tariff of 1828 (Tariff of Abominations)  South Carolina Exposition and Protest
1830: Webster Hayne debate centered around nullification
Tariff of 1832  S.C. Nullifies the tariff and threatens to secede
Congress passed the Force Bill 1833 and the Compromise Tariff (Clay)
The SC Expo was secretly written by Calhoun who was Jackson’s VP at the time

18. Clay and Calhoun

19. Hayne Responds to Webster

20. The Bank War
Jackson opposed the bank as a symbol of aristocratic power over the common man
Biddle asked for recharter in 1832
Jackson vetoed it
Clay hoped to make this an election year issue, Jackson took up the challenge and made it the issue and won with 219 electoral votes to Clay’s 49
Biddle then precipitated a financial crisis in the country (and ironically showing that Jackson was right about the bank’s power over the economy) by calling in loans
Eventually the federal government withdrew its deposits and placed them in “Pet Banks”: state banks run by people loyal to Jackson. This was carried out by the new Sect. of the Treasury Roger Taney
In 1834, the Congress censured Jackson, and refused to confirm Taney as the new Sect. of the Treasury (the two previous refused to withdraw the funds as Jackson ordered)
Nicholas Biddle

23. The Bank War inspired numerous cartoons
The Bank War inspired numerous cartoons. The boxers are Nicholas Biddle and Andrew Jackson. The lady holding a bottle of port says, "Darken his daylights, Nick. Put the Screws to him my tulip!" Daniel Webster: "Blow me tight if Nick ain't been crammed too much. You see as how he's losing his wind!" Henry Clay: "Hurrah Nick my kiddy! Hit him a pelt in the smellers!" Martin Van Buren: "Go it Hickory, my old Duffer! give it to him in the bread basket, it will make him throw up his deposits!" Major Jack Downing (a mythical Jacksonian hero): "I swan if the Ginral hain't been taken lessons from Fuller!" The man standing next to the whiskey bottle: "Hurrah my old yallow flower of the forrest, walk into him like a streak of Greased lightning through a gooseberry bush!"

24. Wildcat Banks
Pet banks began overextending credit to meet the demand of speculators and investors
Wildcat (unsound) banks especially in the west issued their own bank notes in excess of the “specie” (gold and silver they had)
The Specie Circular was issued: government agents could only accept gold or silver for land purchases
Jackson paid off the national debt, and income from land sales and tariffs created a surplus in the treasury
As banks overlended, the treasury began filling up with paper money that was of doubtful credit…thus the Specie Circular. Jackson really had no effective way (especially after the “death” of the Bank) to control this speculation

25. Texas
The Texas Revolution began in 1836, Texas won its independence (Remember the Alamo…)
Texas requested to be annexed which Jackson refused to back because of the slavery issue
Sam Houston, the leader of Texas was a good friend of Jackson’s, but Jackson did eventually (on his last day in office) extend diplomatic recognition to Texas and appointed a diplomat to go there
Texas remained an independent nation until 1845 when it was formally annexed by the U.S. It was known as the Lone Star Republic, and now the Lone Star state

27. Santa Anna Surrenders to a wounded Sam Houston

28. The Supreme Court
John Marshall died in 1835, Jackson nominated Roger Taney to replace him
The court under Taney continued the principles of Jacksonian democracy
Charles River Bridge Case: 1837
Jackson had nominated 5 other justices to the court during his presidency
Essentially, the Charles River Bridge company had gotten a contract to build a toll bridge Later, they allowed the Warren Bridge company to build a free bridge.
Ruling was that public interest (the common man??) in increasing trade/economic growth outweighed the private property interest in this case

29. Legacy??