1. Vibrio vulnificus Gram negative bacteria Gammaproteobacterium
C. Medley F2013
Modified by DYH
Vibrio vulnificus
Gram negative bacteria
Gammaproteobacterium
Halophilic; inhabits oceans and is transmitted to humans through improperly cooked seafood
V. vulnificus is in the same family as the causative agent of cholera, Vibrio cholera
Was first isolated in 1976 in the Center for Disease Control in Atlanta and was named in 1979
The strain YJ016 (the human pathogen) has two chromosomes and a plasmid.

2. C. Medley F2013
Modified by DYH
Pathogenicity
Utilizes the cytotoxin RTX secreted through the Type 1 secretion system (T1SS)
Most RTX genes are on the small chromosomes
Can be ingested, causing food poisoning and diarrhea. If V. vulnificus enters through a wound, it may cause tissue deterioration. In immunocompromised individuals, especially those with liver damage, V. vulnificus can cause septicemia. Most individuals infected have blisters and hemorrhagic necrosis.
There are 69 ORFs on the plasmid
Possesses Type IV Pili
These genes are split amongst the small and large chromosome
Has a capsule, allowing the bacteria to evade the host immune system
There is no ORF on present that would assist the bacterium in invading the host. That is why V. vulnificus must enter the host via the gastrointestinal tract or through wounds.