1. Respiratory System BY DR. HEMANT UNE
Main structures
Nose and nasal cavity
Pharynx
Larynx
Trachea
Bronchial tree
Lungs

2. Conducting Zone
Nose to bronchioles
Conduct air
Warm
Moisten
Cleanse

3. Respiratory zone Respiratory bronchioles Alveolar ducts Alveolar sacs
Respiration
(=exchange of gases)

4. Nasal cavity External nares (nostrils) Nasal septum Mucous membrane
Posterior nasal aperture (internal nares)

5. Bones of the nasal cavity
Roof – ethmoid & sphenoid
Floor – maxillary & palatine
Nasal septum – ethmoid & vomer
Lateral wall – ethmoid, inferior nasal concha, & palatine

6. Regions of the nasal cavity
Vestibule – skin
Olfactory mucosa
Receptors for smell
Olfactory nerves through cribriform plate

7. Regions of the nasal cavity
Respiratory mucosa
PSCC
Goblet cells
Mucous
Antibacterial
Traps dust, etc.
Moistens air
Transported by cilia

8. Pharynx
Skeletal muscle tube
Respiratory & digestive systems

9. Nasopharynx Posterior to nasal cavity PSCC – air only
Pharyngeal tonsil (adenoids)
Auditory tube

10. Oropharynx Posterior to oral cavity Stratified squamous epithelium
Air & swallowed food
Palatine tonsils
Lingual tonsils

11. Laryngopharynx Posterior to larynx Stratified squamous epithelium
Air & swallowed food

12. Larynx C4-C6 vertebral levels Attached to hyoid Functions Speech
Air pathway
Swallowing

13. Laryngeal cartilages
Thyroid cartilage
Cricoid cartilage
Epiglottis

14. Vocal cords
Vocal folds/cords = vocal ligaments covered by mucosa

15. Trachea
Larynx to bronchi (C6-T7)
Air passageway

16. Tracheal wall 16-21 C-shaped hyaline cartilage rings
Trachealis muscle (sm.mus.)

17. Tracheal wall
PSCC
Lamina propria
Seromucous glands
Cartilage

18. Bronchial tree
1 bronchi
2 bronchi
3 bronchi
~23 branches

19. Bronchioles <1 mm diameter Terminal bronchioles
Respiratory bronchioles
Scattered alveoli

20. Alveolar ducts
Continuous alveoli
Atrium
Leads to alveolar sacs

21. Alveolar wall Respiratory membrane Type I cell Basal lamina (shared)
Simple squamous epithelium
Basal lamina (shared)
Endothelium of capillary

22. Alveolar wall Type II cell Alveolar macrophages Secretes surfactant
Begins at birth
Alveolar macrophages
Dust cells

23. Pleura Serous membrane Parietal pleura Visceral pleura Pleural cavity
Lines thoracic cavity
Visceral pleura
Covers lungs
Pleural cavity
Pleural fluid
Lubrication

24. Gross anatomy of the lungs
Apex
Deep to clavicle
Base
On diaphragm
Pneumothorax – air in pleural cavity

25. Gross anatomy of the lungs
Costal surface
Next to rib cage
Mediastinal surface
Medial
Hilus

26. Blood supply to the lungs
Pulmonary arteries
Deoxygenated blood from R ventricle
Pulmonary veins
Oxygenated blood to L atrium R L