1. Oracle SQL Built-in Functions
Chapter 5 in Lab Reference

2. Text Functions Concatenation operator ||
To concatenate column names with other column names or with literal characters.
Example:
Select name || ‘ has an id of ‘ || ssn
From employee;
NAME||’HAS AN ID OF'||SSN
Jamil N.Samir has an id of
Amani F.Zaki has an id of
Jihan H.Walid has an id of
Ramy S.Nabil has an id of
Joyce A.Eman has an id of
Ahmad V.Jabbar has an id of
James B.Baher has an id of
7 rows selected.
Built-in Functions

3. Column Alias Names Example: From employee; Select name AS Employee
Jamil N.Samir
Amani F.Zaki
Jihan H.Walid
Ramy S.Nabil
Joyce A.Eman
Ahmad V.Jabbar
James B.Baher
7 rows selected.
Built-in Functions

4. Column Alias Names
When you want to include spaces or special characters in alias names, then enclose the alias name in double quotation marks.
Example:
Select name || ' has an id of ' || ssn "Important information"
From employee;
Important information
Jamil N.Samir has an id of
Amani F.Zaki has an id of
Jihan H.Walid has an id of
Ahmad V.Jabbar has an id of
James B.Baher has an id of
7 rows selected.
Built-in Functions

5. Table Alias Names Example: Select T.item_id, T.item_desc From item T;
item_id item_desc
LA Box, Small
NY Bottle, Large
Built-in Functions

6. Number Functions ROUND
The ROUND function rounds the value you want to modify.
Example:
Select product_name, product_price, ROUND(product_price,0) From product;
product_name product_price ROUND(product_price,0)
Roco Pencil
FABER Pen
Roco Pad
Built-in Functions

7. Number Functions TRUNC
The TRUNC function truncates precision from a number.
Example:
Select product_name, product_price, TRUNC(product_price,0) From product;
product_name product_price TRUNC(product_price,0)
Roco Pencil
FABER Pen
Roco Pad
Built-in Functions

8. Number Functions POWER
power(m,n)
number m raised to the power of n.
Example:
Select power(salary,2)
From employee
where ssn= ;
POWER(SALARY,2)
Built-in Functions

9. Number Functions SQRT Select sqrt(salary) sqrt(n) Example:
returns square root of n.
Example:
Select sqrt(salary)
From employee
where ssn= ;
SQRT(SALARY)
Built-in Functions

10. Text Functions UPPER, LOWER & INITCAP
These three functions change the case of the text you give them.
Example:
Select UPPER(product_name)
From product;
Select LOWER(product_name)
UPPER(product_name)
ROCO PENCIL
FABER PEN
ROCO PAD
LOWER(product_name)
roco pencil
faber pen
roco pad
Built-in Functions

11. Text Functions UPPER, LOWER & INITCAP
Example:
Select INITCAP(product_name)
From product;
INITCAP(product_name)
Roco Pencil
Faber Pen Roco Pad
Built-in Functions

12. Text Functions LENGTH
To determine the lengths of the data stored in a database column.
Example:
Select product_name, LENGTH(product_name) AS “Name_Length”
From Product
where LENGTH(product_name)>8;
product_name NAME_Length
FABER Pen
Roco Pencil
Built-in Functions

13. Text Functions SUBSTR
To separate multiple bits of data into discrete segments.
Example:
Select SUBSTR(item_id,1,2) Location, SUBSTR(item_id,4,3) Number, Item_desc
From item;
Location Number Item_desc
LA Box, Small
NY Bottle, Large
Built-in Functions

14. Text Functions REPLACE
Replace(char, str1, str2)
Every occurrence of str1 in char is replaced by str2.
Example:
Select Replace(name,'Jamil','Sara')
From employee;
REPLACE(NAME,'JAMIL','SARA')
Sara N.Samir
Amani F.Zaki
Jihan H.Walid
Ramy S.Nabil
Joyce A.Eman
Ahmad V.Jabbar
James B.Baher
7 rows selected.
Built-in Functions

15. Date Functions Function Description Syntax
Sysdate
Get current system date and time.
INSERT INTO employee VALUES
(…………, trunc(sysdate),……….);
Built-in Functions

16. Data Conversion Functions
Description
To_char(input_value, format_code)
Converts any data type to character data type.
To_number(input_value, format_code)
Converts a valid set of numeric character data to number data type.
To_date(input_value, format_code)
Converts character data of the proper format to date data type.
Built-in Functions