1. Desegregation and Massive Resistance
By Miss O.

2. Segregation
The separation of people, usually based on race or religion

3. Desegregation
Abolishment (to get rid of) of racial segregation

4. Integration Full equality of all races in the use of public facilities
Mixing all races together

5. Brown v. Board of Education
The U.S. Supreme Court ruled in 1954 that “separate but equal” public schools were unconstitutional.

6. All Public Schools
Including Virginia, were ordered to “desegregate”

7. Virginia did not obey the constitution.
Instead of “desegregating,” like they were told, Virginia public schools closed (both white schools and black schools).

8. Massive Resistance To resist means to “push back”
Massive means widespread

9. Virginia’s Government
Established a policy of Massive Resistance, which fought to “resist” the integration of black kids and white kids at the same school.

10. Schools Closed
To avoid having to integrate

11. Harry F. Byrd, Sr.
Led a Massive Resistance Movement against the desegregation of public schools in Virginia.

12. Massive Resistance Fails
The policy of Massive Resistance failed, and Virginia’s public schools integrated.

14. Ruby Bridges