1. Middle East/Africa Economic Terms from the 7th grade standards
Take notes! Quiz to come! 

2. Distribution Economy
A distribution economy is dependent completely upon one resource for their finances
An example of a distribution economy is any Middle Eastern country that relies upon oil production

3. Market Economy
A country which practices free enterprise with no government involvement
An example of a market economy could be a small scale community or village that uses bazaars and bartering

4. Mixed Economy
An economic system in which some businesses are government run and some are free enterprise.
The U.S. is an example of a mixed economy

5. Voluntary Trade
Voluntarily purchasing something where both groups are financially or mutually benefited
One group volunteers to sell it, another volunteers to buy it
Ex: Persian Rugs in Iran, Apricots in Turkey

6. Import
Goods brought into one country from another through trade or sale
We import oil from the Middle East
Export
Goods and services traded with or sold to other countries
Saudi Arabia exports oil to the rest of the world

7. GDP
Total value of all goods and services produced in a country in a given time period
Example: In 2007, Jordan calculated the value of its goods and services at billion dollars.

8. Trade Barriers
Any law or practice that a government uses to limit free trade between countries…it could be a political or military obstacle to trade
Examples: chokepoints, military blockades, Iranian sanctions, Israel and the Muslim World

9. Currency
Something in movement as a standard of trade (usually the money used for trade)
Exchange
To give something away and get something back as a substitute (the process of trade)

10. Human Capital
This is knowledge and skills that allow workers to produce goods and services and earn an income.
Example: A company that invests in training for its workers.

11. Traditional Economy
Subsistence-level (survival, agricultural-based) economy
Example: much of Sub-Saharan Africa… any country or community where food is raised for survival rather than INCOME

12. Commodity A valuable or useful economic good
Example: oil is a commodity for the countries bordering the Persian Gulf in the Middle East along with minerals mined in North Africa

13. Entrepreneur
Someone who organizes, manages, and assumes business risks
Ismail Pasha (Suez Canal) is an example

14. Command Economy
An economic system in which the government decides what goods will be produced, how they will be produced, and how they will be distributed
The strict Islamic law present in Saudi Arabia borders on a command economy, but true examples include North Korea and Cuba

15. OPEC
The Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries works to set a fair price for oil traded throughout the world.

16. Supply & Demand
When you have a lot of something the price goes down and when you have little of it the price goes up!
Example: When Iraq invaded Kuwait and began destroying their oil pipelines, the price of oil went up because the supply was lower but the demand remained high.