1. Acids and Bases Year 10 Hcl and aluminium bomb
Add bung rather than screw top?

2. What are Acids? Acids are common
Some are dangerous and can burn your skin
Some are safe to eat and drink
Stomach acid helps digest food
Brainstorm understanding of acids (examples, what they do, how to test) fizz dissolve dangerous, dissolve metal, burn skin
Name some in kitchen
Vinegar, wine gone off, citric acid, batteries
What taste sour
H/O what do you know abt acid and base cut n paste
Read aloud H/O acid burns
Zn + HCl in test tube with balloon over the top, floats can be lit (pop test) Hindenberg
explosion

3. Acids Definition Examples A group of compounds which behave similarly
All have low pH
Turn Litmus paper RED
All donate H+ ions in aqueous solution
Examples
Hydrochloric HCl
Sulfuric H2SO4
Nitric HNO3
Ethanoic CH3COOH
Demo 3 beakers add h20 pour into phenolpthaelin then base
Mineral acids tend to be strong, donate lots H+ organic acids (carboxylic acids) are weak don’t fully dissociate
Learn these names and formula you will be tested
EXPT Fair test planning for carbonate missile

4. Acids A dilute acid has lots of water and a small amount of acid
A concentrated acid has lots of acid and not much water so must be handled carefully
A strong acid releases lots of H+
A weak acid releases fewer H+
Lesson 2
Write bomb equation NaHCo3 + CH3CooH -> Ch3CooNa +H20 + CO2
Aim to work out how to make the canister fly furthest. Can alter the amount of acid and trajectory angle. How do you ensure fair test. Discussion.
Expt film canister and bicarbonate explosions who can get the furthest, FAIR TEST angle of trajectory, amount acid

5. What are Bases (Alkalis)?
In our home we often use bases to clean things. Eg Bleach and toothpaste
Some things are not acids or bases, we say that they are neutral. Eg Water
Lesson 3
Kids write from board “Acid and base are opposite one neutralises the other”
Toothpaste neutralises acids formed by plaque bacteria, bee sting (formic acid baking soda neutralise)
Bases which are soluble in water are called alkalis (feel soapy as they turn oils on hands into soap)
EXPT make soap see H/O

6. Bases Definition Examples A family of compounds that behave similarly
Have a high pH
Turn litmus BLUE
All donate OH-
Examples
Ammonia NH3
Sodium Hydroxide NaOH
Ammonia in household cleaners NH# forms NH4+ and oh- (hydroxide ion) in water
NaOH in oven cleaner, drain cleaner (dissolves grease)

7. Measuring acid strength?
To decide if something is an acid or a base we can use an indicator.
Litmus and Universal Indicator are examples of indicators.
They change colour depending on if they are in an acid or a base.
Lesson 4
How do we test?
Demo invisible writing use phenol pthaelin spray with alkali “create a colour PH scale”
Indicators are extracted from plants (lichen) Ph is a measure of the conc of H+ in solution
Chemicals which change colour in the presence of acids or bases
EXPT universal indicator create rainbow in teams of 3 (H/O) colour ph scale naoh strong alkali, nh3 may need to dilute with water
Homework bring in flower to make indicator

9. Working with Indicators
Red litmus turns BLUE in the presence of Bases
Blue litmus turns RED in the presence of acid
Acids and bases react together in a NEUTRALISATION reaction
Lesson 5/6
Demo frothing rainbow (KISS)??????????????????
Draw on board word equation Reactants -- Products, Acid + base --- salt + water eg HCl + NaOH - NaCl + H2O
ALWAYS OBSERVE WHEN MIXING CHEMICALS SMELL< FIZZ< HEAT< COLOUR ETC
EXPT H/O indicators worksheet work in groups (make own indicator)
EXPT find Ph of everyday substances H/O WRITE UP CORRECTLY, conclusion BLUE ALKALI, RED ACID< GREEN NEUTRAL

10. Acid Reactions Acid + Base  Salt + Water
Acid + Metal  Salt + Hydrogen
Acid + Carbonate  Salt + Water + Carbon Dioxide
Hydrochloric acids (HCl) form CHLORIDE salts
Nitric acid (HNO3) forms NITRATE salts
Sulfuric acid (H2SO4) forms SULFATE salts
Lesson 7
Write then do the experment
Hcl + NaOH -> NACl + H2O
2HNO3 + 2K -> 2KNO3 +H2 (note fizzing)
H2SO4 + CaCO3 -> CaSO4 + H2O + CO2 (note fizzing) STALAGMITE formation limestone caves Taj mahal
H/O Acids and bases rules revision
H/O Mix and match overview

11. Acid Rain Consider Causes Effects Chemical equations
natural
human
Effects
buildings
flora
fauna
health
Chemical equations
Prevention/Solution
Lesson 8/9 (show acid rain ppt? research their own)
RECAP was water neutral Why not Co2 in air dissolves to form carbonic acid h2co3
DEMO Marble chips added to H2SO4 OBSERVE fizz = gas
Other Minerals dissolved sulfur dioxide, from power stations volcanoes forms h2so4 and nitrogen dioxide NO2 from car exhausts ACID RAIN
Acid rain H/O and reading( poss read science world pg 256) CREATE POSTER causes of acid rain, chemical reaction involved, effect on buildings, plants , fish , humans include pictures, (might want flow diagram, mind map etc)
PRESENT back to class

12. Testing Gases Hydrogen - Lesson 10 Mg + H2SO4 Zn + HCl pop test
CaCO3 + HCl co2
MnO2 + H2O2 O2 kmn04 heated
H/O Quiz

13. Testing Gases Hydrogen - POP TEST Carbon Dioxide –
Explodes with a squeaky pop
Carbon Dioxide –
Mg + H2SO4 pop test
CaCO3 + HCl co2
MnO2 + H2O2 O2
H/O Quiz

14. Testing Gases Hydrogen - POP TEST
Explodes with a squeaky pop
Carbon Dioxide – Limewater goes cloudy
Oxygen –
Mg + H2SO4 pop test
CaCO3 + HCl co2
MnO2 + H2O2 O2
H/O Quiz

15. Testing Gases Hydrogen - POP TEST
Explodes with a squeaky pop
Carbon Dioxide – Limewater goes cloudy
Oxygen – Relights a glowing splint
Mg + H2SO4 pop test
CaCO3 + HCl co2
MnO2 + H2O2 O2
Kids need to have summary of the tests
H/O Quiz

16. Antacid Investigation
NZ facts 2007
70% population get heartburn /GERD
$9m on 1 brand!
3rd most widely prescribed medicine
Which brand is the best?
Lesson 11/12
Gastro Eosophageal Reflux disease
Based on what you have learnt how do they work
Stomach HCl, antacids are bases so neutralise
Interact with drugs which are pH dependent
Antifungal concentrations increased in presence of antacid – potential problems?
EXPT Science world pg 255 find which is most effective g per g, extension cost per g data, which is the best value for money
Create table on board for them to copy
H/O NCEA style 1 questions
H/O equations lots of practise word equations to formula equations balancing equations for excellerant

17. Identify Unknown Solutions? ?
Lesson 13 or 18 if extras are added
H/O Unknown chemicals
Work in groups to identify 4 solutions
SAFETY no taste/smell
Write up correctly

18. Rates of Reaction Factors increasing the rate of reaction Surface area
Concentration
Temperature
Catalyst/Enzyme
Pressure
Extra Lesson?
Reactions take place when particles collide, increase rate need to increase the amount of particles or how fast they are moving to increase the likelihood of a collission
Video solid/ ribbons/powder
Carbonate bombs more H+ available to react
EXPT 1cm mg ribbon in 5ml acid 10C, 20C, 30C, 40C water bath (temp) PLOT GRAPH what time would it take 1cm piece to react at 70C
And 2,4,6,8 cm ribbon surface area?
H/O expt rate of reaction

19. Metals/periodic table
, Element, compound, exo/endo