1. exploration

2. Native Americans
Archeologists believe that the first Native Americans came across the Bering Straight

3. Central & South America - Empires
Aztecs
Current day Mexico City
Conquered by Hernando Cortez
Built temples, pyramids and stone palaces

4. Incas Current day Peru: Andes Mountains Conquered by Francisco Pizarro
Built bridges, roads, buildings and an irrigation system

5. Maya Current Day Yucatan Peninsula (Mexico)
Disappeared long before European explorers arrived
Developed a system of writing and an accurate calendar

6. North America North America – Tribes headed by Chieftain
Navajo, Apache, Pueblo – Southwest United States
Cherokee, Seminoles – Southeast United States
Iroquois – Northeast United States

7. By the mid 1500’s, the Native Americans of the Northeast had formed a well-organized political alliance call the Iroquois League of Nations. The main goal of the alliance was mutual protection.

8. Scientific Advancements
Caravel – Ship that needed little wind, could handle extended travel
Astrolabe – Determined LATITUDE on the globe via stars
Compass – Determined direction from magnetic North

9. Explorers – Sailed for Gold, Glory, God, and Spices
Explorer Sailed for… Explored
Christopher Columbus* Spain Americas, Caribbean
Hernando Cortes Spain Mexico
Vasco de Gama Portugal India
Ferdinand Magellan** Spain Atlantic to Pacific
Jacques Cartier France St. Lawrence River
* Columbus was looking for a new route to Asia
** Sailed around South America… Straight of Magellan
Explorers brought disease to the New World that killed millions of Native Americans

10. Rivalry Between Nations
Catholics
Spain
Portugal
France
Protestants
England

11. Spain and Portugal disputed over new lands
Resolved with Treaty of Tordesillas
Pope established LINE OF DEMARCATION splitting land between Spain and Portugal
France and England will fight a war later (7 years/French & Indian War)

12. Differences between types of explorers
French – Fur trappers. Came to New World (Canada) and returned home
English – Colonists. Came to New World and stayed permanently