1. Community Ecology

2. Community Group of individuals from different species in a given area
Species Richness
Relative abundance

3. Why are Certain Species Found Together?
Individualistic Hypothesis
Abiotic factors
Interactive hypothesis
Interdependent

4. Rivet and Redundancy Rivet Redundancy Most species tightly associated
Most species loosely associated

5. Interspecific Interactions
Ind. # 1
Ind. # 2
Competition -
Predation +
Mutualism
Commensalism

6. Competition
Interspecific
Intraspecific

7. Competitive Exclusion Rule
Two species cannot occupy the same ecological niche

8. Resource Partitioning

9. Character Displacement

10. Predation

11. Plant Defenses Physical Chemical Thorns Spines Poisons Nicotine
Strychnine
Morphine
Tannins

12. Animal Defenses Physical Chemical Shells Horns/Antlers/Quills Teeth
Poisons
Odors

13. Animal Defenses
Cryptic Coloration
Aposematic Coloration

14. Animal Defenses
Batesian Mimicry
Mullerian Mimicry

15. Animal Defenses

16. Mutualism

17. Commensalism

18. Trophic Levels Primary Producers Primary Consumers Secondary Consumers
Tertiary Consumers
Quaternary Consumers

19. Trophic Levels Primary Producers Primary Consumers Secondary Consumers
Tertiary Consumers
Quaternary Consumers

20. Keystone Species

21. Keystone Species