6. Primary Producers

7. Cyanobacteria

8. SILICOFLAGELLATES

9. Coccolithophore

10. Diatoms

11. Dinoflagellates

12. Foraminifera algae endosymbionts or kleptoplastic

13. “Plants”

14. Consumers

15. Copepod,Decapod, Pteropod, Heteropod,

18. Rocky Intertidal : best studied

20. Rocky Intertidal: Substrate: rocks, limited space, high energy, harsh
Ranges highest tide to lowest tide margins
3-4 zones: supra, mid, infra littoral zones
Species diversity and density increases from supra to infra
Same genus do not overlap
Species replacement and more species at lower latitudes
Little coastal change but large seaward change (km vs m)
Tropical rocky shores are more barren: do not be fooled

21. Intertidal Food Web

22. Succession

23. Mechanisms Stability-time hypothesis Disturbance
Long stable condition allows the organisms to adjust via evolutionary change
New species evolved to occupy vacant niche
Disturbance
Increase species diversity
Keystone species

27. Balanus vs Chthalamus

28. Suboptimal Habitats Balanus vs Chthalamus
Landward limit: physical factors (desiccation)
Seaward limit: biological (predation)
Absence of Chthalamus in the lower intertidal zone: predation, competition or both
Conclusion: Chthalamaus are most abundant in a habitat that is not optimal for them

34. Rocky Intertidal Summary
Physical space is in shortest supply
Moderate disturbance by predator prevent dominant species from taking over
Some were forced to live at sites that are less optimal
Manipulation of a few key species can switch from one persistent steady state to a different stable condition

35. FOOD SECURITY