1. Things to Think About…. 1. Are all the responses words. 2
Things to Think About…. 1. Are all the responses words? 2. Are any responses numbers? 2. Do any responses seem strange? Not valid? 3. Any data I should eliminate? Not count? 4. Does the data make sense? Not make sense? 4. Any common patterns or conclusions? 5. How can I display or summarize this data? 6. What type of title can I have for this data? 7. Do you think this is a good way to collect data? *These are all topics we are going to discuss in Chapter 1*

2. And all that is …. STATISTICS
And all that is …. STATISTICS!! -Ask a question of Interest -Produce Data -Analyze Results -Interpret Results (this class will go into detail for all these areas)

3. Today we will begin Chapter 1…
Today we will begin Chapter 1…. Chapter 1 “Statistics : The Art and Science of Data” Textbook pages Where do Data Come from? 1.2 Drawing Conclusions from Data?

4. Section Statistics: The Art and Science of Data Where Do Data Come From? (starts on page 2 of the textbook)

5. What is Data? Data is a collection of information in context.
Want some data facts? Go to snapple.com
How do you think the data was produced?
How did they determine this?

6. More Data Examples – Textbook page 2
In 2007, 12.5% of drivers involved in fatal crashes were years old.
51% of U.S. adults engage in “vigorous exercise”
at least once a week.
Taking aspirin regularly reduces the
risk of a heart attack.
Where do these data come from? Can we trust them?

7. Where do data come from?
“Where do data come from?” is the first question you should ask when you hear a statistic.
Remember:
Good data are the product of intelligent human effort.
Bad data results from laziness, lack of understanding or the desire to mislead others.

8. What about personal experiences?
It is tempting to base conclusions on your own experiences.
But our own experiences may not be typical. In fact, the incidents that stick in our memory are often unusual.
We are much safer relying on carefully produced data.

9. Personal Experience Example Textbook page 3-Do cell phones cause brain cancer?
In August 2000, Dr. Chris Newman, a frequent cell phone user developed brain cancer.
His physician suggested that his brain tumor may have been caused by cell phone use.
He sued Motorola and Verizon. As people heard about his story, they began to worry about whether cell phone use can lead to cancer.
According to many studies, there are no association between these two variables but yet people are still convinced Dr. Newman’s experience is typical. Cellular Telephone Use and Cancer Risk:

10. Ok …..Now to take notes Some important Vocabulary…

11. (found on page 3 in textbook)
What is Statistics?
Statistics is the study of data collection and analysis.
Used to make predictions or conclusions.
Statistics are made on individuals and organized into variables.
(found on page 3 in textbook)

12. (found on page 3 in textbook)
Terms
Individuals: objects described by a set of data. (e.g. people, animals, things)
Variable: any characteristic of these individuals (e.g. eye color, height, test score)
(found on page 3 in textbook)

13. Example In our class survey the Individuals are: The Variables are:
*Note: Not all variables are numbers

14. (found on page 4 in textbook)
Two types of Variables
Categorical Variable:places data into one of several groups or categories. (male or female, types of cars, birth month)
Quantitative variable: takes numerical values. (number of goals scored by a team, number of siblings, height, weight, GPA, )
What are some examples of each of our data??
(found on page 4 in textbook)

15. Types of Graphs
Bar graph and Pie Chart: good for categorical variables
Histograms, Dot Plots, Time Plots, and Stemplots: good for quantitative variables.

16. Example-Students in a Stat Class
Name
Sex
Homeroom
Grade
Calculator #
Test 1
Danny M
Ms. Blair
Senior
B319 81
Francine F
Mr. Kingsley
B298 92
Ricardo
Mrs. Alfonso
Junior
B304 87
What individuals does this data set describe?
For each individual, what variables are given? Identify each variable as categorical or quantitative.
(found on page 5 in textbook)

17. Exercise 1
Player
Team
Votes
Points per Game
Height (inches)
Position
Kevin Garnett
Boston Celtics
2,399,148
18.8 83
Forward
LeBron James
Cleveland Cavaliers
2,108,831
30.0 80
Dwight Howard
Orlando Magic
2,066,991
20.7
Center
Kobe Bryant
Los Angeles Lakers
2,004,940
28.3 78
Guard
Carmelo Anthony
Denver Nuggets
1,723,701
25.7
In the NBA, the fans vote to decide which player get to play in the NBA All-Star Game. Kevin Garnett of the Boston Celtics led all players, with 2,399,148 votes for the 2008 All-Star Game. The table below provides data about the top five vote-getters that year.
(a)What individuals are measured?

18. Exercise 1
Player
Team
Votes
Points per Game
Height (inches)
Position
Kevin Garnett
Boston Celtics
2,399,148
18.8 83
Forward
LeBron James
Cleveland Cavaliers
2,108,831
30.0 80
Dwight Howard
Orlando Magic
2,066,991
20.7
Center
Kobe Bryant
Los Angeles Lakers
2,004,940
28.3 78
Guard
Carmelo Anthony
Denver Nuggets
1,723,701
25.7
In the NBA, the fans vote to decide which player get to play in the NBA All-Star Game. Kevin Garnett of the Boston Celtics led all players, with 2,399,148 votes for the 2008 All-Star Game. The table below provides data about the top five vote-getters that year.
(b) What variables are recorded??

19. Exercise 1
Player
Team
Votes
Points per Game
Height (inches)
Position
Kevin Garnett
Boston Celtics
2,399,148
18.8 83
Forward
LeBron James
Cleveland Cavaliers
2,108,831
30.0 80
Dwight Howard
Orlando Magic
2,066,991
20.7
Center
Kobe Bryant
Los Angeles Lakers
2,004,940
28.3 78
Guard
Carmelo Anthony
Denver Nuggets
1,723,701
25.7
In the NBA, the fans vote to decide which player get to play in the NBA All-Star Game. Kevin Garnett of the Boston Celtics led all players, with 2,399,148 votes for the 2008 All-Star Game. The table below provides data about the top five vote-getters that year.
(b) What variables are recorded??

20. Exercise 1
Player
Team
Votes
Points per Game
Height (inches)
Position
Kevin Garnett
Boston Celtics
2,399,148
18.8 83
Forward
LeBron James
Cleveland Cavaliers
2,108,831
30.0 80
Dwight Howard
Orlando Magic
2,066,991
20.7
Center
Kobe Bryant
Los Angeles Lakers
2,004,940
28.3 78
Guard
Carmelo Anthony
Denver Nuggets
1,723,701
25.7
(b) Quantitative or Categorical? In what units is each quantitative variable recorded?
Team
Votes
PPG
Height
Position

22. Do Now Please take two pieces of paper from the front desk.
In BLUE, write down 2 examples of a CATEGORICAL Variable
In RED, write down 2 examples of a QUANTITATIVE Variable
Place each piece of paper in their respective half of the side white board. (Try not to use the same variables as those around you so we have a little variety  )

23. Terms
Observational study: a study that observes individuals and measures variables of interest but does not attempt to influence the responses.
Population: the entire group of individuals about which we want information or to make predictions about.
Sample: a part of the population from which we actually collect information, which is then used to draw conclusions about the whole.
Individual: a member of the population
Time for a break-kahoot (found on page 6-7 in textbook)

24. (found on page 7 in textbook)
Terms
Sample surveys: measure characteristics of some group of individuals (the population) by studying only some of its members (the sample).
The survey you took today is a sample survey of the population at RBR.
Go To Gallup.com to see examples of sample surveys with real data.
(found on page 7 in textbook)

25. (found on pages 10-13 in textbook)
Terms
Census-a sample survey that attempts to include the entire population in the sample. (Census.gov)
Experiment: purposely imposes some treatment on individuals in order to observe their responses. The purpose of an experiment is to study whether the treatment causes a change in the response.
(found on pages in textbook)

26. Example
Researchers want to know if listening to relaxing music for ten minutes immediately prior to a test improves students’ scores. They divide students into two groups, Group A and Group B. Both groups take the same exam, without listening to music before the exam. Both Group’s averages are the same. The following day the groups are given a new exam. Group A listens to relaxing music before their exams and Group B does not. The researchers conclude that Group A’s scores on the second exam were higher than Group B’s.
Was this study an experiment or an observational study? Explain.
Why did the researchers have the groups take the first test, both without listening to music.
What are some potential variables (or flaws) not covered in this study?

27. Exercise 2
In 2001, researchers announced that “children who spend most of their time in child care are three times as likely to exhibit behavioral problems in kindergarten as those who are cared for primarily by their mothers.”
(a) Was this likely an observational study or an experiment? Why?
(b) Can we conclude that child care causes behavior problems? Why or why not?

29. Assignments
Worksheet
Quiz Tues 9/19 (A-Day) or Wed 9/20 (B-Day) on Vocab Chapter 1