1. Progressivism Manhattan's "Bandit's Roost" Alley, 1888
Men loiter in the alley known as "Bandit's Roost" off Mulberry Street in lower Manhattan.

2. Progressive Era Reforms
Why?
Reaction to the problems and excesses of the Gilded Age ( )
What?
Fix society!
Social, economic, political problems
How?
Use the government to fix those problems

3. Who got them started: Muckrakers
Journalists who investigated and exposed problems

4. The Jungle, Upton Sinclair:
It was only when the whole ham was spoiled that it came into the department of Elzbieta. There was never the least attention paid to what was cut up for sausage; there would come all the way back from Europe old sausage that had been rejected, and that was moldy and white - it would be dosed with borax and glycerine, and dumped into the hoppers, and made over again for home consumption. There would be meat that had tumbled out on the floor, in the dirt and sawdust, where the workers had tramped and spit uncounted billions of consumption germs. There would be meat stored in great piles in rooms; and the water from leaky roofs would drip over it, and thousands of rats would race about on it. It was too dark in these storage places to see well, but a man could run his hand over these piles of meat and sweep off handfuls of the dried dung of rats. These rats were nuisances, and the packers would put poisoned bread out for them; they would die, and then rats, bread, and meat would go into the hoppers together. This is no fairy story and no joke; the meat would be shoveled into carts, and the man who did the shoveling would not trouble to lift out a rat even when he saw one - there were things that went into the sausage in comparison with which a poisoned rat was a tidbit.

5. And it became a reform movement:
Progressives - Made 3 Kinds of Reforms:
Social Reforms
Economic Reforms
Political Reforms

6. Social Reforms
1. Urban poverty
Unsafe housing
Alcohol
Child labor
Unsafe work conditions – worker safety laws

9. Triangle Shirtwaist Fire

10. Triangle Shirtwaist Fire

11. Economic Reforms
Government began “busting” monopolies
Labor Unions
Knights of Labor
AFL (Gompers)
Railway Union (Debs)
Ladies Garment Union
Strikes
Homestead Strike
Haymarket Square Riot
Pullman Strike
Sherman Anti-Trust Act and Clayton Anti-Trust Act

12. Political Reforms
Goal: Put government back in the hands of the people!
Referendum - Process that allows citizens to approve or reject a law passed by their legislature
Initiative – citizens use a petition to force the legislature to consider a law
Recall - A way for voters to remove public officials from office before the next election
Direct election of Senators (17th Amend) – the people elect Senators, instead of the legislature choosing Senators
Secret ballot – Nobody has to know your vote!
Women’s Suffrage (19th Amendment) Women Can Vote!

13. Referendum, Initiative and Recall
Should Scotland become independent from the UK?

14. Progressive Amendments:
Political Reforms
This gave Congress the power to levy (impose) an income tax.
This called for direct election of Senators.
Prohibited the manufacture and sale of alcoholic beverages.
This gave women the right to vote.
16th Amendment
17th Amendment
18th Amendment
19th Amendment

15. Progressive Presidents
Theodore Roosevelt
“Square Deal” – TR’s reforms
Labor reforms
Trust-busting
Consumer Protection
Environmental Protection
Taft
More trust-busting, fewer reforms
Woodrow Wilson
“New Freedom”- Wilson’s reforms
More business regulation
Lowered tariffs; + income tax (16th)
Women’s Suffrage (19th Amend)