1. Evolution and Biodiversity Review

2. How long did it take for the first cells to form via chemical evolution? A. 3 billion B. 2.5 Billion C. 2 Billion D. 1.5 Billion E. 1 Billion e

3. On the 24-hour clock for Earth’s History how long have humans been around? A. 12 hours B. 1 hour C. 30 minutes D. 1 minute E. 17 seconds E

4. A (n) ________ is any heritable trait that enables an organism to survive through natural selection A. adaptive trait B. gene C. adaptive radiation D. Coevolution trait E. Convergent trait A

5. Which of these is an example of resource partitioning?
song birds living in different parts of a tree
hyenas and lions fighting for a dead zebra
sea otters eating sea urchins and fish eating sea urchin spines
bats and swallows eating moths
teenagers eating lunch at In & Out followed by dessert at Ritas A

6. Which of these is NOT a part of HIPPO. A. habitat loss B. parasites C
Which of these is NOT a part of HIPPO? A. habitat loss B. parasites C. over population D. invasive species E. pollution B

7. Primary successions begin where
Primary successions begin where? a) Land full of nutrients b) Aquatic environment c) Place with succession plant species d) Area with no soil or bottom sediment e) Soil particles C

8. Which of the following is an example of a specialist species
Which of the following is an example of a specialist species? (A) giant panda (B) human (C) starling (D) weed (E) rat A

9. Which of the following is an example of genetic variation?
Two children have different eye colors.
B. One person is older than another.
C. One person has a scar, but her friend does not.
D. Todd eats meat, but his brother Rod is a vegetarian. A

10. The ecological niche of a species is best defined as its a. habitat b
The ecological niche of a species is best defined as its a. habitat b. habitat plus the most important physical factors affecting it c. role in its community d. mode of reproduction and food habits e. behavior in relation to other species in the community C

11. The process in which two species arise from one is called. a
The process in which two species arise from one is called... a. diversification  b. speciation c. evolution d. extinction e. species isolation b

12. Species that are found in only one area are called. a
Species that are found in only one area are called...  a. endangered species b. threatened species c. indicator species d. native species e. endemic species e

13. When similar species share a resource by each getting a different part of it, it's called...  a. resource partitioning b. interspecific competition c. resource competition d. survival of the fittest e. conflict resolution a

14. Which of the following species interactions negatively affects at least one of the organisms involved?  a. mutualism b. commensalism c. symbiosis d. parasitism e. mutual dependence  D

15. A ________________ is one whose presence has a dramatic effect on species diversity. a. herbivore b. keystone species c. producer d. consumer e. heterotroph B

16. Organisms that thrive in highly saline, acidic, or alkaline conditions or other extreme environments such as the hot water around hydrothermal vents in the ocean floor are called _________. a. prokaryotes b. eukaryotes c. extremophiles d. algae e. cyanobacteria C

17. Competitive exclusion can be best defined as a
Competitive exclusion can be best defined as a. when one species outcompetes and eliminates another b. the creation of separate ecological niche by a new species c. the division of resources d. when one species shares limiting resources with another e. when competition results in the elimination of a particular limiting resource A

18. A generalist species is a species a. with a general mutations b
A generalist species is a species a. with a general mutations b. with a specific mutations c. with a broad niche d. with a specific niche e. that can do anything C

19. Geographic Isolation occurs when: a
Geographic Isolation occurs when: a. groups of the same species become separated from each other. b. mutational changes are made to some of a population. c. all members of a species become extinct d. unidentified species group into a already existing population. e. parts of the population's habitat becomes destroyed. A

20. As local environmental conditions change, a certain number of species disappear at a low rate. This is known as: a. endemic extinction b. background extinction c. reproductive extinction d. genetic extinction e. artificial extinction B

21. Cyanobacteria taken in by endosymbiosis are now thought to be
Cyanobacteria taken in by endosymbiosis are now thought to be.. a) Plankton b) Nucleus c) Blood Cells d) Mitochondria e) Chloroplasts E

22. Which of the following lists the categories from most general to most specific? a) kingdom, phylum, order, class, genus, family, species b) species, genus, family, order, class, phylum, kingdom c) phylum, species, genus, order, class, kingdom, family d) order, family, class, species, phylum, kingdom, genus e) kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species E

23. Which of the following most likely did NOT occur during chemical evolution? a) earth's crust and atmosphere form b) single celled eukaryotes appear in the sea c) large organic molecules (bipolymers) appear in the sea d) small organic molecules appear in the sea e) the first proto-cells appear in the sea B

24. Which of the following is an invertebrate
Which of the following is an invertebrate? a) a human b) a seahorse c) a frog d) a starfish e) a clownfish D

25. What is the type of natural selection that favors variants of one extreme? A. stabilizing B. directional C. diversifying D. mutation E. speciation B

26. The carrying capacity is _______. a
The carrying capacity is _______. a. the greatest number of niches possible in a given area b. always the same for a given habitat c. the average number of offspring carried to term by a species d. the maximum population size that a given environment can sustain e. the potential number of species in a given area D

27. Amphibian species are good a) Indicators b) Keystones c) Invasive d) Endangered e) Threatened