2. Objectives
Recognize the six steps involved in the engineering design process.
Evaluate a protocol to determine if the engineering design process was successfully applied.
Distinguish between the intended benefits and the unintended consequences of a new technology.
Identify whether a new technology is assistive or adaptive.

3. What is Technology?
Technology refers to the products and processes that are designed to serve our needs.
Technology also refers to the processes and methods for creating these products.
Technology applies to anything is developed to meet a need.

4. What is Engineering?
Engineering is the process of creating technology.
Scientists, inventors, business owners, artists, and even students have also engineered new technologies.
Anyone can follow the engineering design process to solve a problem or address a need.

5. How Does Science Relate to Technology?
Engineering uses scientific knowledge to develop technologies. Engineers use science and mathematics to create new technologies that serve our needs.
There are many different types of engineers who develop a variety of different products.

6. What is the Engineering Design Process?
The Scientific Method
The Engineering Design Process
State your question
Define the problem
Do background research
Formulate your hypothesis, identify variables
Specify requirements
Design experiment, establish procedure
Create alternative solutions, choose the best one and develop it
Test your hypothesis by doing an experiment
Build a prototype
Analyze your results and draw conclusions
Test and redesign as necessary
Communicate results
The engineering design process has similarities to the scientific process.
Like the scientific process, some steps may require repeating or modifying to fit different needs.

8. Step #1: Identify/Research Problem
Define and describe a problem or need.
Background research provides additional information about the problem and possible solutions.

9. Step #2: Develop Possible Solutions
Brainstorm possible solutions to the problem.
Pick the best idea to test using the engineering design process.

10. Step #3: Create prototype: A prototype is a test model of the product.
Prototypes allow engineers to see if their design works the way they expect it to.

11. Step #4: Test/Evaluate Prototype
Prototypes are tested under various conditions and evaluated.
Engineers complete a cost- benefit analysis to make sure that the cost of designing and producing the new product is worth its benefit.

12. Step #5:
Improve Design
If a prototype was not successful or did not work well, engineers will either modify their prototype or try a new solution.
This step may take years.

13. Step #6: Share Ideas Engineers explain and promote the new technology
They may communicate with the public through news releases, advertisements, or scientific journals.

14. Technology and Society
Technology provides solutions for many types of social, political, and economic needs.
Intended Benefit: the positive purpose for which a technology is designed to be used.
Unintended Consequences: uses or results that engineers do not purposely include in the design of products. However, an unintended consequence can be beneficial.

15. Intended Benefits vs. Unintended Consequences
On your whiteboards, come up with two possible intended benefits and two possible unintended consequences for the following three modern technologies.
REMEMBER, unintended consequences are not always negative.

16. What are the intended benefits vs
What are the intended benefits vs. unintended consequences of the cell phone?

17. Cell Phone Intended Benefits: Convenient communication Wireless
Unintended Consequences:
Texting while driving
Noise pollution
More waste in landfills
New jobs created

18. What are the intended benefits vs
What are the intended benefits vs. unintended consequences of genetically modified organisms?

19. Genetically Modified Organisms
Intended Benefits:
Higher yield crops
Resistant to pesticides
Cheaper to produce
Unintended Consequences:
Environmental problems
Decreased nutritional value
Could expose people to new allergens

20. What are the intended benefits vs
What are the intended benefits vs. unintended consequences of a nuclear power plant?

21. Nuclear Power Plant Intended Benefits: Cheaper electricity
Less greenhouse gas emissions
Preserves fossil fuels
Unintended Consequences:
Possible accidents (melt down)
Radioactive waste
Heating ocean water (threatens ecosystem)

22. Bioengineering
The application of engineering to living things, such as humans and plants, is called bioengineering.
Bioengineered technologies can be classified as either assistive or adaptive.
Assistive technologies are developed to help organisms without changing them.
Adaptive technologies change the living organism.

23. Assistive Bioengineering
Technology that is developed to help organisms, but DOES NOT change them.
ASSIST = HELP
Examples:
Eyeglasses
Wheelchairs
Antibiotics

24. Adaptive Bioengineering
Technology developed to help living organisms and DOES change them.
ADAPT = CHANGE
Examples:
Lasik Eye Surgery
Knee replacement
New strains of crop
in agriculture