1. Why does a structure like H – C = C – H fail to make sense chemically?
Differentiate between hydrogen bonding and van der Waals bonding.
If you were a pharmaceutical researcher, why would you want to learn the three-dimensional shapes of naturally occurring ligand (signal) molecules?
What does it mean that the electrons of an atom are excited?
Differentiate between dehydration synthesis and hydrolysis.

2. List the three types of isomers we learned and give an example of each.
Differentiate between polymers and monomers.
Define functional groups.
Describe how the properties of water contribute to the upward movement of water in a tree (more than two properties apply).
How can freezing of water crack boulders?
The concentration of the appetite-regulating hormone ghrelin is about 1.3 x how many molecules of ghrelin are in 1 L of blood?

3. Explain how the polarity of water molecule allows it to form hydrogen bonds.
Explain the following graph by relating it to the physical and chemical properties of water:

4. When a dog pants, holding its mouth open, what property of water allows loss of heat and subsequent reduction of the dog’s internal temperature?
Describe what happens with water when it dissociates.
Compared with a basic solution at pH 9, the same volume of an acidic solution at pH 4 has ____ times as many hydrogen ions.
Differentiate between the dissociation of strong acids and weak acids. Chose which one would be a good buffer and explain why.

5. Describe an environmental factor that results in acid rain
Describe an environmental factor that results in acid rain. Explain how acid rain effects the environment and living organisms on land and in water.
Analyze the data on the given graph. How did the frequency of acid rain change over the given years: