1. The Renaissance and Reformation Chapter 13

2. 13-1 The Renaissance in Italy

3. The Italian City-States
Why Italy?
Florence and the Medics
Produced poets, artists, scholars, and scientists
Medici family
Richest ______ and _______
in Europe.
Money=political power
patrons
Architectural remains of rome, centers of trade in italy, poweful merchant class, economic leadership, stressed education, spent lavishly on arts; merchants and bankers

4. What was the Renaissance?
Time of creativity, political, social, economic, and cultural development
A New Worldview
Centered around _____ and ______ rebirth.
Preservation of the old:
Production of the new:
Greek and Roman; monks preserved latin, math; new focused on here and now/not death, focus on individual achievement

5. A Spirit of Adventure Humanism Led to exploration Humanities:
Chris Columbus
Humanism
Humanities:
Focused on worldly subjects instead of reliigious issues; grammar, rhetoric, poetry, and history

6. 13-3 The Protestant Reformation

7. Abuses in the Church Popes living lavish How?
Indulgences-
Protests in northern Europe
Funding painting art to beutify church; increased fees for sacraments

8. Luther’s Protest The 95 Theses 1517 Martin Luther leads revolt
Johann Tetzel
Effect:
What did they object to?
German monk objected to church corruption; sold indulgences to build cathedral; martin luther drew up 95 theses; indulbences, power of the pope, sacraments all but 2,

9. Luther Versus the Church
Church demanded he recant views.
Reject Rome
Excommunication in 1521
Renounced authority of pope
In hiding

10. Luther’s Teachings Deeds v. Faith Bible No hierarchy Rejected:
Translation
Education
No hierarchy
Rejected:
Emphasized:
5 sacraments, indulgences, confession, pilgrimages, prayer to saints; marriage of clergy, sermons

11. Spread of Lutheran Ideas
By 1530, Lutherans changed name to __________
Widespread Support
Answer to corruption
Selfish reasons:
National loyalty
Protestants; princes throw off rule of holy roman emperors and church; no money to rome

12. The Peasant Revolt The Peace of Augsburg
Peasant supporters of Luther started a revolt in 1524.
Luther’s views:
The Peace of Augsburg
A settlement was reached
Believed in social order and supported nobles who killed tens of thousands of peasants; allowed princes to decide what religion to support

13. John Calvin Teachings Calvin’s Geneva (Switzerland)
Bible only source of salvation
Predestination
Saints and sinners
True Christian lives
Calvin’s Geneva (Switzerland)
Set up a theocracy
Harsh punishments for offenses for:
Education
Religious government run by the church; fighting swearing, laughing in church, dancing, theatres, elaborate dressing

14. Spread of Calvinism
Calvinism took root in Germany, France, Netherlands, England, and Scotland.
Created wars with Roman Catholic Church

15. 13-4 Reformation Ideas Spread

16. Radical Reformers Radical sects Anabaptists
What did Luther think of them?
Religious toleration and separation of _________
Quakers, Amish, Mennonites
No infant baptism, abolish private property, bring the violence for judgement day; join catholics to restore order;

17. The English Reformation
Seeking an Annulment
King Henry VIII
“Defender of the Faith”
Wife, Catherine of Aragon
Refusal of annulment
Anne Boleyn
Original supporter of catholic church

18. Break With Rome Decided to take over the English church
1534 Act of Supremacy
Opposition were ______, some ________.
Thomas Cranmer
(married 4 more times only one son)
Made henry the supreme head on earth of the church of england, opposers were executed of treason, and some canonized; archbishop annuled the marriaige.

19. The Church of England Religious Turmoil Investigating of convents
Anglican Church
Religious Turmoil
His son, Edward VI supported __________.
His daughter, Mary turns against Protestants.
Centers of immorality and closed; new church of england, allowed use of english bible, kept most catholic reforms, was not a religious man book of common prayer (form of protestant service)

20. The Elizabethan Settlement
On Mary’s death in 1558, Elizabeth became queen.
Elizabethan Settlement
Compromise
Preserved hierarchy
Book of Common Prayer
English
Protestant

21. The Catholic Reformation
Pope Paul III was leader of reformation.
Goal:
Council of Trent 1545
Tradition
Good works
Not only Bible
Accountability
education
Reclaim catholic church and push for reform (end corruption)

22. The Inquisition Ignatius of Loyola Purpose: Index of Forbidden Books
Society of Jesus or Jesuits 1540
Extreme discipline and obedience
missionaries
COURT established to torture and execute heretics; (lutther and calvin banned); spread christianity and combat heresy;

23. Widespread Persecution
Catholics and Protestants fostered intolerance. Catholic mobs killed Protestants. Protestants killed Catholic priests and wrecked Catholic churches.
Witch Hunts
1450 to 1750, tens of thousands killed. Many were scapegoats.
Most were:
Beggers, poor widows, or midwives

24. Jews and the Reformation
Spain expelled Jews in 1492
Italy:
Ghettos
Yellow badge
Luther
Migration
Could stay, but forced in ghettos

25. 13-5 The Scientific Revolution

26. Changing Views of the Universe
A Revolutionary Theory
1543 Nicolaus Copernicus published On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres.
Heliocentric model
Galileo
Telescope
Controversy with church. Why?
“it does move”
Called to inquisition to deny his findings. “it does move”

27. A New Scientific Method
A Step-by-Step Process
Hypothesis
Scientific method
Bacon and Descartes
Newton Ties It Together
Isaac Newton
Possible explanation, s.m- process to confirm findings of observation and research. Bacon= stresses experimentation, descartes emphasized human reasoning

28. Other Scientific Advances
Chemistry
Medicine
Blood
microscope