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Chiastic Structure in Othello
But O, what damned minutes tells he o'er Who dotes , yet doubts ; suspects , yet strongly loves. —Othello 3.3 "Dotes" and "strongly loves" share the same meaning and bracket "doubts" and "suspects": dotes (A) doubts (B) suspects (B) strongly loves (A) "Fair is foul, and foul is fair" — Macbeth
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Chiastic Structure in Narrative
WHAT IS IT? A chiastic ('crossed,' 'formed in an X') structure is a rhetorical/poetic (and sometimes mnemonic) device whose most basic instance, the chiasm, takes the form of P, Q; Q', P', as in, "Ask not what your county can do for you, but what you can do for your country." (Criss-cross, see?) But O, what damned minutes tells he o'er Who dotes , yet doubts ; suspects , yet strongly loves. —Othello 3.3 "Dotes" and "strongly loves" share the same meaning and bracket "doubts" and "suspects": dotes (A) doubts (B) suspects (B) strongly loves (A) "Fair is foul, and foul is fair" — Macbeth
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Chiastic Structure in Narrative: An Archetype, Maybe?
Chiastic structure of the Genesis Flood Narrative A: Noah and his sons (Gen 6:10) *B: All life on earth (6:13:a) **C: Curse on earth (6:13:b) ***D: Flood announced (6:7) ****E: Ark (6:14-16) *****F: All living creatures (6:17–20 ) ******G: Food (6:21) *******H: Animals in man’s hands (7:2–3) ********I: Entering the Ark (7:13–16) *********J: Waters increase (7:17–20) X: God remembers Noah (8:1) *********J: Waters decrease (8:13–14) ********I': Exiting the Ark (8:15–19) *******H': Animals (9:2,3) ******G': Food (9:3,4) *****F': All living creatures (9:10a) ****E': Ark (9:10b) ***D’:No flood in future (9:11) **C': Blessing on earth (9:12–17) *B': All life on earth (9:16) A: Noah and his sons (9:18,19a)
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Chiastic Structure in Narrative
Within this overall structure, there is a numerical mini-chiasm of 7s, 40s, and 150s: α: Seven days waiting to enter Ark (7:4) *β: Second mention of seven days waiting (7:10) **γ: 40 days (7:17) ***δ: 150 days (7:24) ----χ: God remembers Noah (8:1) ***δ': 150 days (8:3) **γ': 40 days (8:6) *β': Seven days waiting for dove (8:10) α': Second seven days waiting for dove (8:12) Or this, from the same article: "In 1986, William H. Shea proposed that the Book of Daniel is composed of a double-chiasm. He argued that the chiastic structure is emphasized by the two languages that the book is written in: Aramaic and Hebrew. The first chiasm is written in Aramaic from chapters 2-7 following an ABC...CBA pattern. The second chiasm is in Hebrew from chapters 8-12, also using the ABC...CBA pattern. However, Shea represents Daniel 9:26 as "D", a break in the center of the pattern." (!)
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CHIASTIC STRUCTURE? Major character events in Othello…
***A. Curtain opens: Iago enters: His 1st word, a curse…explains motives ****B. Othello marries D: Holy Birth, Eternal Union in eyes of God HUBRIS *****C. Othello defends himself; Will do no violence (Stories = Love) *******D. Othello accused of “black” practices; Othello innocent HAMARTIA **(******E. Enemy suffocated by water (Turks destroyed; O wins the war without lifting a finger) **********F. Bedchambers (Honeymoon/sex/creation of life) ************G. Iago starts a brawl with Cassio; Iago lives viscerally through others **************H. Cassio ‘s manhood wounded (loses job) ***************I. ”Divinity of hell” (Plans to make D a whore) ****************J. Othello witnesses Cassio’s “betrayal”; see something that is nothing *****************K. “Excellent Wretch” (Othello “frees” D from slavery to men) ******************L. Iago “accuses” Cassio *******************M. D. drops the hanky (cuckold’s horns/ disease/magic/medicine) *********************N. Iago “marries” Othello “marry” (“Excellent good”) CLIMAX *******************M. Othello has a trance fit (cuckold’s horns/disease/magic/medicine). ******************L. Iago accuses Cassio *****************K. Othello strikes D (Othello “enslaves” D to men) ****************J. Othello tries to get Emilia to witness Cassio’s betrayal , thinks nothing is something ***************I. Othello calls D a whore *************H. Cassio’s manhood wounded (loses leg) ***********F. Bedchambers (Strangulation/“sex”/Creation of death) *********E. Desdemona suffocated by Othello (“Voice of God..wins the “war”, kills “Turk” with his hands) ********D. Emilia accuses Othello of “black” practices: Othello guilty *******C. Othello defends himself; Violence is just (Stories = Hate) HAMARTIA *****B. Othello learns the truth: Unholy Birth, Eternal Damnation in Eyes of God ANAGNORISIS ***A. Iago leaves: His curse completed; Refuses to explain motives
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