1. Basic Searches & PubMed

2. Table of Contents Using the ATSU link-out to PubMed (requires access to the ATSU Portal)Using the ATSU link-out to PubMed (requires access to the ATSU Portal) Brief lesson on general use of PubMed Try it Yourself: Using PubMed to find a systematic reviewTry it Yourself: Using PubMed to find a systematic review

3. ATSU link-out to PubMed From within the Portal, access the Library >> KCOM Library tab (in the left frame). From the Online Medical Resources page, click PubMed Tabbed Linkout - ATSU Kirksville.PubMed Tabbed Linkout - ATSU Kirksville View movie as QuickTime (.mov) Flash (.swf)

4. Using PubMed in General View movie as: –QuickTime (.mov)QuickTime (.mov) –Flash (.swf)Flash (.swf) Double-click on video for full- screen mode.

5. Try using Boolean operators like: –AND (include both words) –OR (include one word or the other) –NOT (do not include the word) Must be capitalized If you want search for a phrase or force one word to follow another, use quotation marks: Useful Search Tools: Not PubMed-specific. Can be used with most search engines.

6. Searches for items containing both what precedes it and what follows it. Narrows search Example: dyspnea AND cardiac failure –(Actually this example does not produce better results than a search for dyspnea cardiac failure because PubMed automatically uses an AND operation between words in the absence of other Boolean operators. So the two are the same.) AND

7. Searches for items containing either what precedes it or what follows it (but it could include both). Broadens search Often used with synonyms and related terms Example: chickenpox OR varicella OR

8. Searches for items that do not contain what follows it. Narrows search Never precede it with AND. –When 2 operators follow each other, only the first is applied. –So metathesis AND NOT double decomposition is equivalent to metathesis AND double decomposition. Problematic when trying to exclude chemistry articles. NOT

9. () –Control the order of operations –Without parentheses: ANDs applied before ORs and NOTs Applied left to right Parentheses

10. chemotherapy AND "eye cancer" OR retinoblastoma –retrieves entries containing the keyword retinoblastoma without the word chemotherapy. Any retrieved entries with chemotherapy also contain eye cancer. In contrast: chemotherapy AND ("eye cancer" OR retinoblastoma) –retrieves entries with the keyword chemotherapy that additionally contain either "eye cancer" or retinoblastoma. Useful Search Tips:

11. * Retrieve all words with a common string of letters. Wild cards (*) replace any combination of letters or lack thereof. Broadens search Commonly used for related word roots. –So pyelotom* will retrieve pyelotomy and pyelotomies, as well as pyelotomia, pyelotomized, and pyelotomography. Using NOT can eliminate these common but unwanted terms. Wild Card *

12. You have a 72-year-old female patient with dyspnea. You need to employ the best available evidence to accurately determine if cardiac failure is the cause or not. Form a relevant question according to the procedures in Step 1.Step 1 Now its time to do a literature search. Try it Yourself:

13. Log into PubMed.PubMed Click on Clinical Queries on the left (below the PubMed Services heading).Clinical Queries First try to find systematic reviews since these combine and filter the information from multiple studies, giving a more comprehensive view than any single study. Write your search down. Try it Yourself: Using Clinical Queries

14. Did you find anything useful? Did you use Boolean operators and wild cards? How many relevant articles did you find? What other information would you like to have before making a clinical decision? Try it Yourself: Assess Your Search

15. Search too narrow? –Try using wild cards. Try dyspn* instead of dyspnea. This will retrieve dyspneic, dyspneics, and other related terms. –Try including synonyms, separated by ORs. How about cardiac failure OR heart failure? Try it Yourself: Fixing a Narrow Search

16. Search too broad? –Try including more relevant terms or clusters of relevant terms, surrounded by parentheses and separated by ORs –Use NOTs to eliminate unwanted material (taking caution not to overlook useful ones). Try it Yourself: Fixing a Broad Search

17. Try this out: (dyspn* OR "shortness of breath") AND (cardi* failure OR "heart failure") Did it provide relevant resources? Why or why not? What can you do to improve this example? Try it Yourself: An Example Requires AND systematic[sb] if not typed in the Systematic Reviews box.

18. Try out some new searches. Be creative. Also, click on the Details tab near the top to see the expanded search. Could any of these be helpful for diagnosis? Try it Yourself: Expanding Your Abilities Requires AND systematic[sb] if not typed in the Systematic Reviews box.

19. PubMed uses a controlled vocabulary (MeSH) This allows you to search by different topics. Learn more about this using the tutorials. MeSH Requires AND systematic[sb] if not typed in the Systematic Reviews box.

20. Try to find articles using this feature. You can also type these into the Systematic Review bar followed by [MeSH], like in the following example: –Heart Failure, Congestive[MeSH] AND Dyspnea[MeSH] Try it Yourself: MeSH Requires AND systematic[sb] if not typed in the Systematic Reviews box.

21. You can also combine these MeSH terms with those from your previous searches, as seen below: –(dyspn* OR "shortness of breath OR Dyspnea[MeSH]) AND (cardi* failure OR "heart failure OR Heart Failure, Congestive[MeSH]) After you are comfortable with the earlier material in this lesson, try these out. What advantages do MeSH terms provide? Try it Yourself: Using MeSH Requires AND systematic[sb] if not typed in the Systematic Reviews box.

22. Links to Other Websites and Hands-On Activities From the A.T. Still University Arizona School of Health SciencesFrom the A.T. Still University Arizona School of Health Sciences –Guide to PubMedGuide to PubMed From Suny Downstate Medical Center –Applying EBM to Online SearchesApplying EBM to Online Searches

23. Congratulations! You have successfully completed PubMed. The End