1. Thought Jot

2. Daily Goals Content: Literacy: Social:
Understand How Jim Crow laws and segregation effected African-Americans
Literacy:
Understand concepts: segregation, Jim Crow, and “separate but equal”
Work with primary sources
Social:
Raise hand and wait to be called on
Limit side conversations
Participate in partner and group discussion

4. Plessy vs. Ferguson Court Case
Homer Plessy was jailed in 1892 for sitting in a whites only railroad car.
Plessy decided to challenge Jim Crow and segregation in court.
Plessy v Ferguson was heard by the US Supreme Court
Court Ruling:
Separate but Equal Doctrine: Segregation is okay, as long as everything else about it is equal.
Segregation is not overturned until 1954

5. Challenge 1: Jim Crow Laws
What was Jim Crow?
an African-American character that tried to act “out of his place” by adopting white dress and habits.
What are Jim Crow Laws?
Laws that Segregated: Separating the races in public areas and services.
Jim Crow laws started in the North and slowly made their way South.

6. Examples of Jim Crow Laws
White nurses couldn’t help Black men
Separate transport waiting rooms & ticket offices for Blacks
Blacks & whites couldn’t play pool together
People of different races couldn’t marry
Separate toilets, fountains
Separate baseball fields
Separation of white & Black prisoners
Black & white students couldn’t use the same textbooks
Blacks could not be served in white restaurants or lunch counters
No Blacks in public libraries
Whites forbidden to sell property to Blacks

10. Challenge 2: Klu Klux Klan reformed
The KKK is re-founded in 1917 and its membership grows into the millions during the 1920s Most members lived in the South, but there were chapters in every state. Focus of hatred: African-Americans, Immigrants, and Catholics

11. KKK fear tactic: Race Rally

12. KKK fear tactic: : Cross Burning

13. KKK fear tactic: Night Riding

14. Challenge 3: Lynching Increases
Lynching: Mob-hanging a suspect without a trial.
Spectacle Lynching: Lynching held as a public event.
What might start a mob lynching?

15. Lynchings: By Year and Race
Whites
Blacks
Total
1895 66
113
179
1896 45 78
123
1897 35
158
1898 19
101
120
1899 21 85
106
1900 9
115
1901 25
105
130
1902 7 92
1903 15 84 99
1904 76 83
1905 5 57 62
1906 3 65
1907 58 61
1908 8 89 97
1909 13 69 82
1910 67

16. Challenge 4: Race Riots
The Great Migration: Many African-Americans move into cities to escape sharecropping system in factories.
Race Riots: This creates friction between Black, Immigrant, and White communities living close together.

17. Riots against African Americans Increase Many, in some cases dozens of African Americans died.
1873: Colfax, LA
1898: Wilmington, NC
1898: Greenwood, SC
1900: New Orleans, LA
1900: New York City
1904: Springfield, OH
1906: Atlanta, GA
1906: Greenburg, IN
1906: Brownsville, TX
1908: Springfield, IL
1917: St. Louis, IL. Chester, PA, Philadelphia, PA, Houston, TX
1919: Red Summer—Chicago, Omaha, Charleston, Longview, TX, Knoxville, TN, Elaine, AR
1921: Tulsa, OK
1923: Rosewood, FL

18. Afro-American Council of 1898
The year is 1898
You have been invited to attend a workshop that is being put on by the Afro-American Council
You will explore issues created by Jim Crow by looking at actual pamphlets that were presented at this workshop.
Afro-American Council