1. Theories of Personality

2. Personality
A person’s broad long-lasting patterns of behavior

3. Psychoanalysis Developed by Sigmund Freud
Analyzes one’s thoughts, feelings, and personal history to reveal unknown needs and concerns

4. Freud’s Life His mom was 20 yrs. Younger than his dad
He had 7 step-siblings from a previous marriage –one of which was older than his mother!
Live w/ 9 kids, nephew, & parents
They all shared 1 room
30 ft. X 30 ft. apt. above dad’s work

5. Dad’s business closed, moved away from hometown to a 1 room apt
Dad’s business closed, moved away from hometown to a 1 room apt. that had been a jewish ghetto
As an adult thought his mom was hot

6. Freud became a doctor Changed to psychology 1. disliked blood
2. thought patients probs. Were mental
3. tried treating w/ cocaine (became an addict)

7. Details of Psychoanalysis
Personality is developed by age 6 (fixed & unchanging)
Family conflicts & relationships create us
Repression: hiding a memory in your unconscious (defense)

8. 3 parts of the Brain
Unconscious: we are unaware of it at all times but it affects us always
Sub-Conscious:we are not currently aware of it but can think of it when we try
Conscious: our current thoughts

10. All behavior/thoughts are based on
Food
Aggression
Sex

11. Map of the Mind Id: animal instincts, basic needs & desires
Superego: conscience, ideal moral self
Ego: balances id & superego

12. The Ego

13. Freud’s 5 Stages of Development
Name of Stage
Age
Concerns
Oral
Birth-1 ½
Feeding=pleasure
Weening too early/late=probs.
Depend too much on others, rejecting others, sarcasm, eating disorders

14. Anal
1 ½- 2 ½
Focus= potty training
Too lenient/harsh= prob.
Excessively stingy/generous, irresponsible, rebellious or follow rules too closely

15. Phallic
2 ½- 6
2 Complexes…
depending on your sex
Oedipal (boys)
Electra (girls)
Lead to aggression, excessive anxiety, guilt, phobias, depression,

16. Boys secretly “want” their moms and want to kill their dads so they can take dad’s place and have sex with mom
Act like the dad so mom will sleep w/ them

17. Electra Complex
Girls secretly “want” their dads, desire to kill mom so that they can take her place and have sex w/ dad

18. AND ….girls secretly have….penis envy
No picture available….

19. Latency
6- Puberty
No new
Conflict
Earlier issues are hidden in the unconscious

20. Genital
Adolescence on
Look for a spouse
Childhood conflicts reappear and need to be addressed

21. Methods Used by Freud
Free Association: say everything that comes to mind (unconscious uncensored)
Dream Analysis: Subconscious and unconscious thoughts to analyze

22. Carl Jung
Thinks unconscious is a combination of religious/ethical beliefs that control human behavior
Neofreudian: less concerned w/ animal instincts

23. Archetypes
Jung found that many themes were evident in all cultures of all time
These themes: archetypes

24. We are controlled by archetypes= a collective unconscious
Ex. Nurturing mother, hero, wise old man

25. Pple. Imitate archetypes and hide who they really are
Pple. Act diff. based on expectations (personas)

26. Social Psychologists
Karen Horney: : neo-Freudian, emphasizes social forces on the unconscious
Coping w/ social stress is important

27. Need love, and isolation=sad/
anxious
We try to avoid rejection so we go along w/things we don’t want to

28. Alfred Adler Neo-freudian Pple. Try to feel important
Pple. Try to dominate and control others

29. Behaviorism John Watson Environment shapes personality
If we control environment we control personality

30. B.F. Skinner Mom held face into the stove to show him hell
Poor people skills

31. All behavior = result of experiences
You don’t choose anything
Due to reinforcements

32. Albert Bandura
Believes pple. Consider experiences buy make the final decision
Personality also from modeling behavior of others=learn from imitation

33. Humanistic Theory
Believes our biggest prob.=living up to our ideal selves
Our environment ruins us
We can get back on track
Becoming your ideal self=fully functioning individual

34. Trait Theory
Group of personality theories that analyzes permanent characteristics regarding what one does/feels & thinks

35. Gordon Alport Says 3 types of traits:
Cardinal Traits: affect everything a person does

36. Raymond Cattell
2 categories of traits

37. Surface traits: can be easily observed
Source traits: underlie surface behavior

39. Hans Eysenck Based on 2 categories Extraversion/ introversion
Emotional Stability/instability

41. 5-Factor Model Extraversion Agreeableness
Conscientiousness/self-discipline
Emotional stability (diff. from Eysenck-happy feelings)
Openness to experience

42. General Notes 5 factors are “permanent “ by early 20s
Birth order does not affect personality
Environment 50% & Genetic 50% of personality