1. PASS Content Standard 2.1 Objects change their motion only when
a net force is applied. Laws of motion are
used to determine the effects of forces
on the motion of objects.

2. What is motion?

3. Motion is a change
in position, measured
by distance and time

4. Motion - 12 min

5. A reference point
is needed to
measure movement

6. Are you moving
right now?

7. What is your
reference point?

8. Earth rotates
on its axis
at 1,100 mph
Earth orbits
the Sun at
68,000 mph

9. The whole galaxy rotates
at 490,000 mph

10. Frames
of Reference

11. Frames
of Reference

12. Two Dimensional World

13. Speed is the distance
traveled by a moving
object over a period
of time

14. Speed - 4 min

15. distance
Speed =
time

16. distance Speed = time 10 feet = = 2 feet/min 5 minutes
A snail crawls 10 feet in 5 minutes.
What is the speed of the snail?
distance
Speed =
time
10 feet = =
2 feet/min
5 minutes

17. object is not always constant
The speed of a moving
object is not always constant

18. total distance
Average speed =
total time

19. total distance Average speed = total time 1 mile + 1 mile 2 miles = =
A boy runs 1 mile in 6 minutes, rests for
2 minutes, then walks 1 mile in 12
minutes. What is his average speed?
total distance
Average speed =
total time
1 mile + 1 mile
2 miles = =
20 minutes
20 minutes

20. Speed
Calcaulation
Practice

21. Graphing Speed
Distance
(meters)
Time (seconds)

22. Velocity is speed in
a given direction

23. Velocity
is a vector quantity
because it has both
speed and direction.

24. Vectors - 12 min

25. All these planes have
the same speed.
How is
their
velocity
different?

26. Vector Addition
The length of the line represents
the quantity (speed) and the arrow
indicates the direction.
Add vectors head to tail.

27. Vector Addition
Direction is
indicated by
compass degrees

28. The magnitude of the speed is indicated by the measured length (scale)
Vector Addition
The magnitude
of the speed is
indicated by
the measured
length (scale)
of the line.

29. Vector
Addition

30. is the velocity of the plane?
An airplane is flying 200
mph at 50o. Wind velocity
is 50 mph at 270o. What
is the velocity of the plane?
180o 0o
270o

31. 90o
180o 0o
270o

32. 90o
180o 0o
270o

33. 90o
180o 0o
270o

34. 90o
180o 0o
270o

35. 90o
180o 0o
270o

36. Practice
Vector
Addition

37. Acceleration

38. Acceleration is the
rate of change
of velocity

39. Velocity(final) - Velocity(original)
Acceleration =
time

40. A car traveling at 60 mph accelerates to
90 mph in 3 seconds. What is the
car’s acceleration?
Velocity(final) - Velocity(original)
Acceleration =
time
90 mph - 60 mph =
3 seconds
30 mph =
3 seconds =
10 mph/second

41. There is no
such thing as
Deceleration

42. A car traveling at 60 mph slams on the breaks to
avoid hitting a deer. The car comes to a safe stop
6 seconds after applying the breaks. What is the
car’s acceleration?
Velocity(final) - Velocity(original)
Acceleration =
time
0 mph - 60 mph =
6 seconds
- 60 mph =
6 seconds =
- 10 miles per hour per second

43. Acceleration
Calcaulation
Practice

45. Centripetal Acceleration
Acceleration toward the
center of a circular path.

46. Centripetal Acceleration
For an object to travel in a
curved path, some force must
be accelerating it
toward the center
of the circle.

47. Centripetal Acceleration

48. Force provided
by engine
Acceleration
provided
by tires

49. Centripetal Acceleration
What happens if
the accelerating
force is removed?

50. An apparent force that appears only in rotating frames of reference.
Centrifugal Force
An apparent force
that appears only
in rotating frames
of reference.

51. This “false” force appears to push away from the center of the
Centrifugal Force
This “false” force
appears to push
away from the
center of the
circular path.

52. Forces cause
changes
in motion

53. Aristotle and Newton had different ideas about forces and motion.
Aristotle's idea: For an
object to move at a constant
speed, a constant force
must be applied.
Newton's idea: An object
moving at a constant speed
will continue at that speed
without additional force
being applied.

54. Force
Any Push Or Pull

55. Forces & motion - 6 min

56. Balanced Forces
Produce NO
Motion

57. Unbalanced Forces
Produce
Motion

58. A force that opposes motion
Friction
A force that opposes motion

59. Types of Friction Sliding - two solid surfaces rubbing
against each other.
Rolling - an object rolling over
a surface.
Fluid - an object moving
through a fluid.

60. Newton's Laws

61. Newton’s Laws - 5 min

62. First Law of Motion An object at rest will remain at rest, and a
moving object will
remain at a constant
velocity unless acted
on by unbalanced forces.

63. Second Law
of Motion
F = Ma
Force = mass X acceleration

64. For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction. Third Law
of Motion
For every action,
there is an equal
and opposite
reaction.

65. Rockets - 6 min

66. Momentum
mass X velocity

67. Momentum
mass X velocity

68. Momentum - 8 min

69. Does a long pendulum swing faster than a short one?

70. Does a heavy pendulum swing faster than a light one?

71. Momentum
is the same
before and after
a collision

72. Conservation of Momentum
The total momentum of
any group of objects
remains the same
unless acted on by
outside forces.

73. Collisions
Elastic - occur when both momentum
and kinetic energy are conserved.
Inelastic - occur when
momentum is conserved,
but kinetic energy is not.

74. Collisions
M1V1 = M2V2
Before
After

75. Colliding objects have same mass
Elastic Collision

76. Heavy object strikes light object
Elastic Collision

77. Light object strikes heavy object
Elastic Collision

78. Colliding objects have same mass
Inelastic Collision

79. Rollercoasters
work because
of momentum

80. Rollercoaster
Physics

81. Rollercoasters - 24 min

82. Is work being done?

84. Units of Force are Newtons Units of Distance are Meters
Work = F d
Units of Force are Newtons
Units of Distance are Meters
Newton Meters = Joules

85. Units of Work are Joules
Power is the rate
at which work is done.
Power = work / time
Units of Work are Joules
Joules per second = Watts

86. Work & Power - 15 min

87. power - 2 min

88. 1 Horsepower
is equal to
Watts or
550 ft lb/sec

89. Work & Power
Calcaulation
Practice

90. Bus

91. Machines make
work easier

92. Machines make
work easier
by changing the size
or direction of a force

93. Climbing cars - 24 min

94. 2 forces are related
to machines

95. The effort force is applied to a machine. 2 forces are related
to machines
The effort force is
applied to a machine.

96. The resistance force is applied by a machine.
2 forces are related
to machines
The resistance force is
applied by a machine.

97. The number of times a machine multiplies the effort force.
Mechanical Advantage
The number of times a machine
multiplies the effort force.

98. Work output Work input X 100
Efficiency %
Work output Work input X 100

99. Inventors

100. Da Vinci - 8 min

101. Simple Machines

102. Do work
with one
motion
Simple Machines

103. 6 Simple MachineS
Inclined Plane
Lever
Pulley
Wedge
Screw
Wheel & Axle

104. Work is made easier because
the effort force moves over
a greater distance.

105. Inclined Plane - 2 min

106. Force is multiplied since it is
applied to a wide area and
exerted over a small area.

107. Wedge - 2 min

108. Multiplies an effort force
by acting through a
long effort distance.

109. Screw - 1 min

110. A bar which can move
freely around a fixed
position, or fulcrum.

111. Levers - 3 min

112. The Fulcrum is between
the Effort Force and
the Resistance force

113. Multiplies Effort Force and
changes its direction

114. The Resistance is
between the Effort Force
and the Fulcrum

115. Multiplies the Effort Force but
does not change its direction

116. The Effort force is
between the Resistance
Force and the Fulcrum

117. Does not multiply the Effort Force

118. Types of Pulleys
Fixed
Movable

119. Single
Fixed Pulley
Direction of
the Effort Force
is changed.
Mechanical Advantage = 0

120. Single
Movable Pulley
Direction of
the Effort Force
is not changed.
Mechanical Advantage = 1

121. Direction of the Effort Force is changed.
Pulley
System
Direction of the Effort
Force is changed.
Mechanical Advantage
is equal to the number
of supporting ropes.

122. Pulleys - 1 min

123. A fixed pulley
does not have
a mechanical
advantage.
Fixed pulleys
only change
the direction
of the force.

124. A movable pulley
does have a
mechanical
advantage.
The effort force
is in the direction
of the movement
of the resistance.

125. Two wheels of different sizes
connected - the axle being
the smaller wheel.

126. Wheel & Axle - 1 min

127. Worm Gear

128. Compound
Machines

129. Simple Machine
Combinations

130. Compound Machines - 4 min

131. Rube Goldberg Device

132. Rube Goldberg Device

133. Rube Goldberg Device

134. Rube Goldberg Device

135. Rube Goldberg Device

136. END
Content Standard 2.1