1. 12.2
Control Over Colonies

2. Types of Control Four forms of control Indirect vs. Direct control
Colony
Protectorate
Sphere of Influence
Economic Imperialism
Indirect vs. Direct control

3. Types of Control Indirect = use of existing political structure
Current political structure would train country in ways of European culture
Country would eventually govern itself w/European ways
Direct = Placing of government leaders Country could not handle European politics
Paternalism = giving needs but not rights
Assimilation = people would adopt culture of European country

4. Types of Control
Colony = territory governed internally by a foreign power
Protectorate = own internal gvt. but under control over outside power
Sphere of Influence = outside power has exclusive economic rights in country
Economic Imperialism = country controlled by private business interests

5. Effects of Colonial Rule
Negative Effects:
Africans lose control over land & independence
Many die from disease & resisting Europeans
Famine due to change towards cash crops
Loss of culture
Artificial boundaries created
Positive Effects:
Reduction of local warfare
Humanitarian efforts increase lifespan and literacy
African goods wanted = increase in economy
Technological advances

6. Europeans Imperialize Muslim Lands
12.3
Europeans Imperialize Muslim Lands

7. Ottoman Empire
Geopolitics = taking land for its strategic location and/or products
Ottoman Empire desired b/c Mediterranean Sea & entrance to Black Sea
Crimean War between Russians & Ottomans
Britain & France side w/Ottomans – win war
Reveals weakness of Ottomans, other areas break away from Ottoman Empire – Romania, Montenegro, Cyprus, Bosnia, Bulgaria

8. Egypt Egypt modernizes – turn to a cotton as a cash crop
Build Suez Canal to connect Mediterranean Sea and Red Sea
British take over Egyptian debt and occupy Egypt